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Lab 16: Configure App Service TLS, DNS, backup, and networking

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This self-contained lab uses Azure CLI commands hosted in PowerShell. Complete the guided lane or the automated lane—not both with the same run ID.

Scenario, role, and outcome

Scenario: You are an application-platform administrator hardening and protecting a web app. Build and prove this disposable service path: The web app enforces HTTPS/TLS, sends outbound traffic through a delegated integration subnet, writes backups to private Blob storage through a transient SAS, and binds a managed certificate only after the owned hostname resolves to the app.

Learner role: An application-platform administrator hardening and protecting a web app.

Outcome: Use Azure CLI in PowerShell to create the web app, integration subnet, and backup storage, enforce https and integrate outbound traffic with the vnet, and reconcile tls, networking, backup, and dns gates, with recoverable state and deterministic cleanup.

Item Value
Duration 150 minutes
Difficulty applied
Cost class moderate
Command surface Azure CLI (az, az rest, Bicep, AzCopy, or KQL where required) hosted in PowerShell
Live state Not executed during this offline rebuild

Completion criteria:

  • All required checkpoints report pass.
  • The deterministic break/fix is injected, diagnosed, and repaired.
  • cleanup.json reports no active run-owned resources, with any retained item explicitly documented.
LAB-16 five-checkpoint roadmap: Configure App Service TLS, DNS, backup, and networking
Five learning checkpoints in task order. These arrows show the exercise sequence; see the architecture figure for service connections. Open at full size.

Objectives and checkpoints

Objective Skill Checkpoints
CP-APP-04 Configure certificates and Transport Layer Security (TLS) for an App Service LAB16-CP01, LAB16-CP05
CP-APP-05 Map an existing custom DNS name to an App Service LAB16-CP02, LAB16-CP05
CP-APP-06 Configure backup for an App Service LAB16-CP03, LAB16-CP05
CP-APP-07 Configure networking settings for an App Service LAB16-CP04, LAB16-CP05
NW-DNSLB-01 Configure Azure DNS LAB16-CP05

The authoritative objective wording comes from the Microsoft AZ-104 study guide, skills measured as of 2026-04-17.

Architecture and service topology

LAB-16: Configure App Service TLS, DNS, backup, and networking; service topology and connections
Configure App Service TLS, DNS, backup, and networking — topology for this lab. Open at full size.

The editable source is architecture.mmd. The web app enforces HTTPS/TLS, sends outbound traffic through a delegated integration subnet, writes backups to private Blob storage through a transient SAS, and binds a managed certificate only after the owned hostname resolves to the app.

Concept primer and design decisions

HTTPS policy, custom DNS, certificates, backup, VNet integration, and private access are separate App Service controls. DNS and certificate work must be gated because ownership and secret material cannot be fabricated by a lab.

Design decisions:

  • Enforce HTTPS and minimum TLS first.
  • Delegate only the integration subnet.
  • Keep backup SAS and certificate secrets transient.

Required and optional inputs

Input Required Source Safe example Gate behavior
run-id — Unique lowercase run ownership identifier Yes parameter az104l16-01 block
subscription-id — Expected disposable subscription ID Yes parameter-or-environment (AZ104_SUBSCRIPTION_ID) 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 block
location — Approved primary Azure region Yes parameter-or-environment (AZ104_LOCATION) westeurope block
custom-hostname — Hostname in an owned DNS zone No environment (AZ104_CUSTOM_HOSTNAME) app.lab.example.com skip-checkpoint
authorize-custom-domain — Exact YES authorization after the App Service domain-verification TXT record is published No environment (AZ104_AUTHORIZE_CUSTOM_DOMAIN) YES skip-checkpoint

Secrets stay in temporary environment variables and are never written to run.json, validation evidence, or Git. A skip-checkpoint gate produces a visible partial result; it never becomes a pass.

Read-only preflight

Readiness, preview, explicit execution, and result validation
Follow the read-only checks and execution gates defined by this lab. A failed required gate blocks progress. Open at full size.

Sign in deliberately, inspect the active context, then run the lab preflight. It never signs in, changes context, installs an extension, registers a provider, or creates a resource.

az login
az account show --query '{cloud:environmentName,subscription:id,tenant:tenantId,user:user.name}' --output json
./scripts/cli/Preflight.ps1 -SubscriptionId $env:AZ104_SUBSCRIPTION_ID -RunId 'az104l16-01' -Location 'westeurope'

Representative redacted output:

context                 True  cloud=AzureCloud; tenant=<redacted>; subscription=<redacted>
azure-cli               True  2.88.x
provider:<namespace>    True  Registered
region                  True  westeurope
Preflight passed. It performed no Azure mutation.

If a required row fails, stop. Correct the local tool, context, provider, quota, SKU, region, permission, or input outside the lab, then rerun preflight.

Task 1 — Verify owned-domain, TLS, backup, and VNet prerequisites

Checkpoint: LAB16-CP01

Purpose and operational relevance: Read the provider, region, SKU, feature, quota, and companion-tool signals needed for verify owned-domain, tls, backup, and vnet prerequisites, without changing Azure state. The change is unsafe when custom hostname or certificate operations fail safely when domain ownership cannot be proven. This checkpoint therefore proves: The web-app tier supports backup and VNet integration, and any custom-domain lane is explicitly gated by an owned DNS proof.

Run these commands from PowerShell. If you already used the automated lane, choose a new run ID before trying this guided lane.

az provider show --namespace Microsoft.Web --query registrationState --output tsv
az provider show --namespace Microsoft.Storage --query registrationState --output tsv
az appservice list-locations --sku S1 --linux-workers-enabled --query "[?name=='$Location'].name" --output tsv

Expected state: The web-app tier supports backup and VNet integration, and any custom-domain lane is explicitly gated by an owned DNS proof.

Representative redacted output:

The web-app tier supports backup and VNet integration, and any custom-domain lane is explicitly gated by an owned DNS proof.

Positive validation:

$registration = az provider show --namespace Microsoft.Web --query registrationState --output tsv
if ($registration -ne 'Registered') { throw 'Microsoft.Web is not registered.' }

Expected positive result: The web-app tier supports backup and VNet integration, and any custom-domain lane is explicitly gated by an owned DNS proof.

Negative validation:

$supported = az appservice list-locations --sku S1 --linux-workers-enabled --query "[?name=='$Location'] | length(@)" --output tsv
if ([int]$supported -eq 0) { throw 'Linux S1 is unavailable in the selected region.' }

Expected negative result: LAB16-CP01 negative boundary: The undesired state is absent; the negative assertion must not report: Linux S1 is unavailable in the selected region.

Evidence to retain:

  • LAB16-CP01 UTC result for verify owned-domain, tls, backup, and vnet prerequisites.
  • Exact run-owned resource/object ID returned by the commands in LAB16-CP01.
  • Positive assertion proving: The web-app tier supports backup and VNet integration, and any custom-domain lane is explicitly gated by an owned DNS proof.
  • Negative assertion proving absence of: Linux S1 is unavailable in the selected region.

Common failure and safe retry: Custom hostname or certificate operations fail safely when domain ownership cannot be proven. Retry LAB16-CP01 for verify owned-domain, tls, backup, and vnet prerequisites only after its exact recorded ID and current property are read. If the ID exists, reissue only the idempotent update; if it is absent, repeat only the owning create command, then rerun both assertions.

Cleanup dependency: After LAB16-CP02, LAB16-CP03, LAB16-CP04, LAB16-CP05, remove the exact manifest IDs created or configured by LAB16-CP01 for verify owned-domain, tls, backup, and vnet prerequisites; its residual probe must then return zero active IDs.

Task 2 — Create the web app, integration subnet, and backup storage

Checkpoint: LAB16-CP02

Purpose and operational relevance: Provision and immediately inventory the exact run-owned resources needed to create the web app, integration subnet, and backup storage, so partial completion remains recoverable. The change is unsafe when subnet delegation or storage data-plane RBAC can be missing even when ARM creation succeeds. This checkpoint therefore proves: The app, delegated subnet, and private backup container are run-owned and recorded before configuration begins.

Run these commands from PowerShell. If you already used the automated lane, choose a new run ID before trying this guided lane.

$plan = "plan-$suffix"; $app = "app-$suffix"; $storage = "st16$suffix"; $vnet = "vnet-$suffix"
az appservice plan create --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $plan --is-linux --sku S1 --output none
az webapp create --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --plan $plan --name $app --runtime 'PYTHON:3.12' --output none
az webapp update --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $app --https-only true --set siteConfig.minTlsVersion=1.2 --output none
az storage account create --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $storage --location $Location --sku Standard_LRS --kind StorageV2 --https-only true --allow-blob-public-access false --output none
az network vnet create --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $vnet --address-prefixes 10.16.0.0/16 --subnet-name integration --subnet-prefixes 10.16.1.0/24 --output none
az network vnet subnet update --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --vnet-name $vnet --name integration --delegations Microsoft.Web/serverFarms --output none
az webapp vnet-integration add --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $app --vnet $vnet --subnet integration --output none

Expected state: The app, delegated subnet, and private backup container are run-owned and recorded before configuration begins.

Representative redacted output:

The app, delegated subnet, and private backup container are run-owned and recorded before configuration begins.

Positive validation:

$httpsOnly = az webapp show --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $app --query httpsOnly --output tsv
if ($httpsOnly -ne 'true') { throw 'HTTPS-only is disabled.' }

Expected positive result: The app, delegated subnet, and private backup container are run-owned and recorded before configuration begins.

Negative validation:

$tls = az webapp config show --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $app --query minTlsVersion --output tsv
if ($tls -ne '1.2') { throw "Minimum TLS is $tls." }

Expected negative result: LAB16-CP02 negative boundary: The undesired state is absent; the negative assertion must not report: Minimum TLS is reported tls.

Evidence to retain:

  • LAB16-CP02 UTC result for create the web app, integration subnet, and backup storage.
  • Exact run-owned resource/object ID returned by the commands in LAB16-CP02.
  • Positive assertion proving: The app, delegated subnet, and private backup container are run-owned and recorded before configuration begins.
  • Negative assertion proving absence of: Minimum TLS is reported tls.

Common failure and safe retry: Subnet delegation or storage data-plane RBAC can be missing even when ARM creation succeeds. Retry LAB16-CP02 for create the web app, integration subnet, and backup storage only after its exact recorded ID and current property are read. If the ID exists, reissue only the idempotent update; if it is absent, repeat only the owning create command, then rerun both assertions.

Cleanup dependency: After LAB16-CP03, LAB16-CP04, LAB16-CP05, remove the exact manifest IDs created or configured by LAB16-CP02 for create the web app, integration subnet, and backup storage; its residual probe must then return zero active IDs.

Task 3 — Enforce HTTPS and integrate outbound traffic with the VNet

Checkpoint: LAB16-CP03

Purpose and operational relevance: Configure and independently inspect the control-plane and data-path properties needed to enforce https and integrate outbound traffic with the vnet. The change is unsafe when app Service integration rejects subnets that are too small, already delegated incompatibly, or in another region. This checkpoint therefore proves: httpsOnly is true, the minimum TLS version matches the target, and the app references the delegated integration subnet.

Run these commands from PowerShell. If you already used the automated lane, choose a new run ID before trying this guided lane.

$previousStorageKey = $env:AZURE_STORAGE_KEY
try {
    $env:AZURE_STORAGE_KEY = az storage account keys list --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --account-name $storage --query "[0].value" --output tsv
    az storage container create --account-name $storage --name backups --auth-mode key --output none
    $expiry = (Get-Date).ToUniversalTime().AddHours(4).ToString('yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mmZ')
    $sas = az storage container generate-sas --account-name $storage --name backups --permissions rwdl --expiry $expiry --https-only --auth-mode key --output tsv
    if (-not $sas) { throw 'A redacted backup SAS could not be created.' }
    $backupUrl = "https://$storage.blob.core.windows.net/backups?$sas"
    az webapp config backup create --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --webapp-name $app --container-url $backupUrl --backup-name "baseline-$RunId" --output none
} finally {
    if ($null -eq $previousStorageKey) { Remove-Item Env:AZURE_STORAGE_KEY -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue } else { $env:AZURE_STORAGE_KEY = $previousStorageKey }
    Remove-Variable previousStorageKey, sas, backupUrl -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
}

Expected state: httpsOnly is true, the minimum TLS version matches the target, and the app references the delegated integration subnet.

Representative redacted output:

httpsOnly is true, the minimum TLS version matches the target, and the app references the delegated integration subnet.

Positive validation:

$backupCount = az webapp config backup list --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --webapp-name $app --query "[?contains(name, 'baseline-$RunId')] | length(@)" --output tsv
if ([int]$backupCount -lt 1) { throw 'The baseline backup is not listed.' }

Expected positive result: httpsOnly is true, the minimum TLS version matches the target, and the app references the delegated integration subnet.

Negative validation:

$integrationCount = az webapp vnet-integration list --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $app --query "[?contains(subnetResourceId, '/subnets/integration')] | length(@)" --output tsv
if ([int]$integrationCount -ne 1) { throw 'VNet integration is missing or duplicated.' }

Expected negative result: LAB16-CP03 negative boundary: The undesired state is absent; the negative assertion must not report: VNet integration is missing or duplicated.

Evidence to retain:

  • LAB16-CP03 UTC result for enforce https and integrate outbound traffic with the vnet.
  • Exact run-owned resource/object ID returned by the commands in LAB16-CP03.
  • Positive assertion proving: httpsOnly is true, the minimum TLS version matches the target, and the app references the delegated integration subnet.
  • Negative assertion proving absence of: VNet integration is missing or duplicated.

Common failure and safe retry: App Service integration rejects subnets that are too small, already delegated incompatibly, or in another region. Retry LAB16-CP03 for enforce https and integrate outbound traffic with the vnet only after its exact recorded ID and current property are read. If the ID exists, reissue only the idempotent update; if it is absent, repeat only the owning create command, then rerun both assertions.

Cleanup dependency: After LAB16-CP04, LAB16-CP05, remove the exact manifest IDs created or configured by LAB16-CP03 for enforce https and integrate outbound traffic with the vnet; its residual probe must then return zero active IDs.

Task 4 — Configure a redacted backup and optional custom hostname

Checkpoint: LAB16-CP04

Purpose and operational relevance: Exercise the deterministic operational or denied path needed to configure a redacted backup and optional custom hostname, then retain comparable before-and-after results. The change is unsafe when expired SAS permissions or a missing Storage Blob Data Contributor assignment can make backup configuration fail. This checkpoint therefore proves: A backup schedule targets a transient SAS URL without persisting the token; custom DNS/TLS changes occur only behind the ownership gate.

Run these commands from PowerShell. If you already used the automated lane, choose a new run ID before trying this guided lane.

$hostname = $env:AZ104_CUSTOM_HOSTNAME
$expectedAddress = az webapp config hostname get-external-ip --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --webapp-name $app --query ipAddress --output tsv
$resolvedAddresses = @([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostAddresses($hostname) | ForEach-Object IPAddressToString)
if (-not $expectedAddress -or $expectedAddress -notin $resolvedAddresses) {
    throw 'The owned hostname does not resolve to the App Service inbound address; no hostname or certificate mutation was attempted.'
}
az webapp config hostname add --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --webapp-name $app --hostname $hostname --output none
$thumbprint = az webapp config ssl create --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $app --hostname $hostname --query thumbprint --output tsv
az webapp config ssl bind --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $app --hostname $hostname --certificate-thumbprint $thumbprint --ssl-type SNI --output none

Expected state: A backup schedule targets a transient SAS URL without persisting the token; custom DNS/TLS changes occur only behind the ownership gate.

Representative redacted output:

A backup schedule targets a transient SAS URL without persisting the token; custom DNS/TLS changes occur only behind the ownership gate.

Positive validation:

$hostname = $env:AZ104_CUSTOM_HOSTNAME
$bound = az webapp show --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $app --query "hostNames[?@=='$hostname'] | length(@)" --output tsv
if ([int]$bound -ne 1) { throw 'The custom hostname is not bound.' }

Expected positive result: A backup schedule targets a transient SAS URL without persisting the token; custom DNS/TLS changes occur only behind the ownership gate.

Negative validation:

$hostname = $env:AZ104_CUSTOM_HOSTNAME
$sslState = az webapp config hostname list --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --webapp-name $app --query "[?name=='$hostname'].sslState | [0]" --output tsv
if ($sslState -notin @('SniEnabled','IpBasedEnabled')) { throw "TLS binding state is $sslState." }

Expected negative result: LAB16-CP04 negative boundary: The undesired state is absent; the negative assertion must not report: TLS binding state is reported sslState.

Evidence to retain:

  • LAB16-CP04 UTC result for configure a redacted backup and optional custom hostname.
  • Exact run-owned resource/object ID returned by the commands in LAB16-CP04.
  • Positive assertion proving: A backup schedule targets a transient SAS URL without persisting the token; custom DNS/TLS changes occur only behind the ownership gate.
  • Negative assertion proving absence of: TLS binding state is reported sslState.

Common failure and safe retry: Expired SAS permissions or a missing Storage Blob Data Contributor assignment can make backup configuration fail. Retry LAB16-CP04 for configure a redacted backup and optional custom hostname only after its exact recorded ID and current property are read. If the ID exists, reissue only the idempotent update; if it is absent, repeat only the owning create command, then rerun both assertions.

Cleanup dependency: After LAB16-CP05, remove the exact manifest IDs created or configured by LAB16-CP04 for configure a redacted backup and optional custom hostname; its residual probe must then return zero active IDs.

Task 5 — Reconcile TLS, networking, backup, and DNS gates

Checkpoint: LAB16-CP05

Purpose and operational relevance: Reconcile live service properties, returned IDs, and dependency-aware removal needed to reconcile tls, networking, backup, and dns gates before handoff. The change is unsafe when emitting a SAS URL through command output or state files would turn otherwise correct backup evidence into a secret leak. This checkpoint therefore proves: TLS policy, VNet integration, backup schedule, and optional hostname/certificate bindings each match their declared gate state.

Run these commands from PowerShell. If you already used the automated lane, choose a new run ID before trying this guided lane.

az webapp show --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $app --query "{https:httpsOnly,hostNames:hostNames,state:state}" --output json

Expected state: TLS policy, VNet integration, backup schedule, and optional hostname/certificate bindings each match their declared gate state.

Representative redacted output:

TLS policy, VNet integration, backup schedule, and optional hostname/certificate bindings each match their declared gate state.

Positive validation:

$stateValue = az webapp show --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $app --query state --output tsv
if ($stateValue -ne 'Running') { throw "Web app state is $stateValue." }

Expected positive result: TLS policy, VNet integration, backup schedule, and optional hostname/certificate bindings each match their declared gate state.

Negative validation:

$publicBlob = az storage account show --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $storage --query allowBlobPublicAccess --output tsv
if ($publicBlob -ne 'false') { throw 'Backup storage permits blob public access.' }

Expected negative result: LAB16-CP05 negative boundary: The undesired state is absent; the negative assertion must not report: Backup storage permits blob public access.

Evidence to retain:

  • LAB16-CP05 UTC result for reconcile tls, networking, backup, and dns gates.
  • Exact run-owned resource/object ID returned by the commands in LAB16-CP05.
  • Positive assertion proving: TLS policy, VNet integration, backup schedule, and optional hostname/certificate bindings each match their declared gate state.
  • Negative assertion proving absence of: Backup storage permits blob public access.

Common failure and safe retry: Emitting a SAS URL through command output or state files would turn otherwise correct backup evidence into a secret leak. Retry LAB16-CP05 for reconcile tls, networking, backup, and dns gates only after its exact recorded ID and current property are read. If the ID exists, reissue only the idempotent update; if it is absent, repeat only the owning create command, then rerun both assertions.

Cleanup dependency: After all service validation and evidence capture, remove the exact manifest IDs created or configured by LAB16-CP05 for reconcile tls, networking, backup, and dns gates; its residual probe must then return zero active IDs.

Final validation and result interpretation

Run independent deployment validation after all required checkpoints:

./scripts/cli/Validate.ps1 -RunId 'az104l16-01' -Mode Deployment
az resource list --resource-group 'rg-az104-l16-az104l16-01' --query '[].{name:name,type:type}' --output table
  • pass: every required positive and negative check passed.
  • partial: every required check passed, but at least one optional gate was deliberately skipped.
  • fail: a required checkpoint failed; do not record the lab as complete.

Keep the redacted validation.json; do not retain credentials, tokens, access keys, certificate material, email addresses, tenant IDs, or unredacted command output.

Deterministic break/fix exercise

Injection: Lower the app minimum TLS version from 1.2 to 1.0.

Inject the bounded fault:

az webapp config set --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $app --min-tls-version 1.0 --output none

Capture the failed state with a read-only query:

az webapp config show --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $app --query minTlsVersion --output tsv

Repair only the injected setting, then repeat the same query:

az webapp config set --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $app --min-tls-version 1.2 --output none
az webapp config show --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $app --query minTlsVersion --output tsv

Expected symptom: The security validation detects a protocol baseline regression.

Diagnose with a read-only service query:

az webapp config show --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $app --query minTlsVersion --output tsv

Diagnosis: Read the effective App Service minimum TLS property.

Repair: Restore minimum TLS 1.2 and re-run the same property query.

Before/after evidence must show the failed negative or positive check before repair and the same check passing afterward. Do not inject a second fault until the first is removed.

Optional job-style challenge

Design a production-ready ingress and recovery plan using private access, custom DNS, managed certificates, and backups.

Deliver a short change record containing assumptions, exact commands, redacted evidence, cost and risk notes, rollback, and residual results. The challenge is optional and never changes required checkpoint status.

Troubleshooting

Evidence-led troubleshooting from observation to revalidation
Use read-only evidence to identify the cause, make a targeted repair, and rerun the relevant validation. Open at full size.
Symptom Likely cause Safe next step
Context mismatch Active CLI context differs from run.json Stop, inspect az account show, and select the intended disposable context yourself.
Provider or feature unavailable Registration, region, feature, or SKU gate is unmet Read the preflight result; do not register or enable tenant features implicitly.
Name already exists The run ID is reused or a globally unique name collided Keep existing state intact and choose a new run ID.
Expected state is delayed The service is converging asynchronously Repeat only the read-only query with bounded retries; do not duplicate creation.
Permission denied Role, Graph scope, or data-plane authorization is insufficient Confirm the declared least-privilege boundary; do not broaden access automatically.
Cleanup refuses ownership ID, context, or tags differ from the manifest Investigate the mismatch; never bypass ownership verification.

Cleanup and residual verification

Run-owned cleanup boundary and residual-resource audit
Only verified run-owned objects are eligible for cleanup. Report deliberately retained or soft-deleted items; do not assume they were purged. Open at full size.

Preview exact targets first, execute only after ownership review, then validate post-cleanup:

./scripts/cli/Cleanup.ps1 -RunId 'az104l16-01'
./scripts/cli/Cleanup.ps1 -RunId 'az104l16-01' -Execute
./scripts/cli/Validate.ps1 -RunId 'az104l16-01' -Mode PostCleanup
$publicBlob = az storage account show --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $storage --query allowBlobPublicAccess --output tsv
if ($publicBlob -ne 'false') { throw 'Backup storage permits blob public access.' }

cleanup.json passes only when no active manifest-managed object remains. Soft-deleted or intentionally retained items must be listed with their reason and expected disposition. The lifecycle never performs irreversible purge automatically.

Exam debrief and assessment

Explain why the expected state, negative check, and cleanup boundary matter—not only which command was used. Map any missed concept back to its task anchor before reviewing the answer key.

Complete QUESTIONS.md, then use ANSWERS.md for option-by-option remediation. Scores of 85–100% indicate mastery, 70–84% indicate targeted review, and below 70% means repeat the mapped tasks.

Microsoft Learn sources

Lifecycle script appendix

The guided task blocks above and these executable scripts are generated from the same checkpoint data. The scripts are an optional automated lane; use a different run ID if you already completed the guided lane.

Preflight.ps1

# BEGIN GENERATED AZ104 V2
#requires -Version 7.4
[CmdletBinding()]
[Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute('PSAvoidUsingWriteHost', '', Justification = 'Interactive lab progress is intentionally written to the host.')]
[Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute('PSReviewUnusedParameter', '', Justification = 'All lifecycle scripts expose a stable cross-lab interface.')]
[Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute('PSUseDeclaredVarsMoreThanAssignments', '', Justification = 'Generated task variables are intentionally shared across checkpoint blocks.')]
param(
    [string]$SubscriptionId = $env:AZ104_SUBSCRIPTION_ID,
    [Parameter(Mandatory)][ValidatePattern('^[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]{0,30}[a-z0-9])?$')][string]$RunId,
    [Parameter(Mandatory)][ValidatePattern('^[a-z0-9]+$')][string]$Location,
    [string]$SecondaryLocation = $env:AZ104_SECONDARY_LOCATION
)

Set-StrictMode -Version Latest
$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'
$PSNativeCommandUseErrorActionPreference = $true

if (-not (Get-Command az -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)) {
    throw 'Azure CLI is required. Run the repository readiness initializer, then retry.'
}

$account = az account show --output json | ConvertFrom-Json
if (-not $account) { throw 'No active Azure CLI context. Run az login deliberately before this lab.' }
if ($SubscriptionId -and [string]$account.id -ne $SubscriptionId) {
    throw "Context mismatch: active subscription is $($account.id), expected $SubscriptionId. Preflight will not switch it."
}
if (-not $SubscriptionId) { $SubscriptionId = [string]$account.id }
# The account read above is the mandatory context gate. All remaining Azure
# probes are collected as results instead of allowing one unavailable SKU or
# provider query to abort the readiness report before it can explain the gap.
$PSNativeCommandUseErrorActionPreference = $false
$suffix = (($RunId -replace '[^a-z0-9]', '') + '000000000000').Substring(0, 12)
$ResourceGroupName = $(if ('16' -in @('00', '01', '02')) { $null } else { "rg-az104-l16-$RunId" })

$checks = [System.Collections.Generic.List[object]]::new()
function Add-PreflightResult {
    param([string]$Id, [bool]$Required, [bool]$Passed, [string]$Actual)
    $checks.Add([pscustomobject]@{ id = $Id; required = $Required; passed = $Passed; actual = $Actual })
}

Add-PreflightResult -Id 'context' -Required $true -Passed $true -Actual "cloud=$($account.environmentName); tenant=<redacted>; subscription=<redacted>"
$azVersion = (az version --query '"azure-cli"' --output tsv)
$bicepVersion = (az bicep version 2>&1 | Out-String).Trim()
Add-PreflightResult -Id 'azure-cli' -Required $true -Passed ([bool]$azVersion) -Actual $azVersion
Add-PreflightResult -Id 'powershell' -Required $true -Passed ($PSVersionTable.PSVersion -ge [version]'7.4') -Actual $PSVersionTable.PSVersion.ToString()
Add-PreflightResult -Id 'bicep' -Required $true -Passed ([bool]$bicepVersion) -Actual $bicepVersion

$requiredEnvironmentVariables = @()
foreach ($variableName in $requiredEnvironmentVariables) {
    $present = -not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace([Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable($variableName))
    Add-PreflightResult -Id "input:$variableName" -Required $true -Passed $present -Actual $(if ($present) { 'present (value redacted)' } else { 'missing' })
}

$providers = @(
    'Microsoft.Network'
    'Microsoft.Storage'
    'Microsoft.Web'
)
foreach ($provider in $providers) {
    $registrationState = az provider show --namespace $provider --query registrationState --output tsv 2>$null
    Add-PreflightResult -Id "provider:$provider" -Required $true -Passed ($registrationState -eq 'Registered') -Actual $(if ($registrationState) { $registrationState } else { 'Unavailable' })
}

$knownLocation = az account list-locations --query "[?name=='$Location'].name | [0]" --output tsv
Add-PreflightResult -Id 'region' -Required $true -Passed ($knownLocation -eq $Location) -Actual $(if ($knownLocation) { $knownLocation } else { 'not available' })

$gatePresent = -not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace([Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('AZ104_CUSTOM_HOSTNAME'))
Add-PreflightResult -Id 'optional-gate:AZ104_CUSTOM_HOSTNAME' -Required $false -Passed $gatePresent -Actual $(if ($gatePresent) { 'present (value redacted)' } else { 'absent; checkpoint will be skipped' })

$gateMatches = [string]::Equals([Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('AZ104_AUTHORIZE_CUSTOM_DOMAIN'), 'YES', [StringComparison]::Ordinal)
Add-PreflightResult -Id 'optional-gate:AZ104_AUTHORIZE_CUSTOM_DOMAIN' -Required $false -Passed $gateMatches -Actual $(if ($gateMatches) { 'exact affirmative value supplied (value redacted)' } else { 'absent or not exact; checkpoint will be skipped' })

$usage = az vm list-usage --location $Location --output json 2>$null | ConvertFrom-Json
Add-PreflightResult -Id 'regional-compute-quota' -Required $false -Passed ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0) -Actual "entries=$(@($usage).Count)"

$probePassed = $true
$probeActual = 'assertion passed (output not persisted)'
try {
    $LASTEXITCODE = 0
    & {
$registration = az provider show --namespace Microsoft.Web --query registrationState --output tsv
if ($registration -ne 'Registered') { throw 'Microsoft.Web is not registered.' }
$supported = az appservice list-locations --sku S1 --linux-workers-enabled --query "[?name=='$Location'] | length(@)" --output tsv
if ([int]$supported -eq 0) { throw 'Linux S1 is unavailable in the selected region.' }
    } | Out-Null
    if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { throw "native exit code $LASTEXITCODE" }
} catch {
    $probePassed = $false
    $probeActual = "assertion failed: $($_.Exception.GetType().Name)"
}
Add-PreflightResult -Id 'preflight.authored.service' -Required $true -Passed $probePassed -Actual $probeActual

$checks | Format-Table -AutoSize
$failedRequired = @($checks | Where-Object { $_.required -and -not $_.passed })
if ($failedRequired.Count -gt 0) {
    throw "Preflight blocked: $($failedRequired.id -join ', ')"
}
Write-Host 'Preflight passed. It performed no sign-in, context switch, provider registration, or Azure mutation.'
# END GENERATED AZ104 V2

Setup.ps1

# BEGIN GENERATED AZ104 V2
#requires -Version 7.4
[CmdletBinding()]
[Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute('PSAvoidUsingWriteHost', '', Justification = 'Interactive lab progress is intentionally written to the host.')]
[Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute('PSReviewUnusedParameter', '', Justification = 'All lifecycle scripts expose a stable cross-lab interface.')]
[Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute('PSUseDeclaredVarsMoreThanAssignments', '', Justification = 'Generated task variables are intentionally shared across checkpoint blocks.')]
param(
    [string]$SubscriptionId = $env:AZ104_SUBSCRIPTION_ID,
    [Parameter(Mandatory)][ValidatePattern('^[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]{0,30}[a-z0-9])?$')][string]$RunId,
    [Parameter(Mandatory)][ValidatePattern('^[a-z0-9]+$')][string]$Location,
    [string]$SecondaryLocation = $env:AZ104_SECONDARY_LOCATION,
    [switch]$AcknowledgeCost,
    [switch]$AcknowledgeTenantChange,
    [switch]$Execute
)

Set-StrictMode -Version Latest
$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'
$PSNativeCommandUseErrorActionPreference = $true

if (-not (Get-Command az -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)) {
    throw 'Azure CLI is required. Run the repository readiness initializer, then retry.'
}

$LabRoot = (Resolve-Path (Join-Path $PSScriptRoot '../..')).Path
$StateDir = Join-Path $LabRoot ".state/$RunId"
$Manifest = Join-Path $StateDir 'run.json'
$ResourceGroupName = $(if ('16' -in @('00', '01', '02')) { $null } else { "rg-az104-l16-$RunId" })
$suffix = (($RunId -replace '[^a-z0-9]', '') + '000000000000').Substring(0, 12)

Write-Host 'LAB-16 execution plan'
Write-Host "  subscription: $SubscriptionId"
Write-Host "  location: $Location"
Write-Host '  command surface: Azure CLI hosted in PowerShell'
Write-Host '  state: run.json, validation.json, cleanup.json'
if (-not $Execute) {
    Write-Host 'Preview only. Review context, inputs, cost, tenant scope, and cleanup before using -Execute.'
    return
}
if ($true -and -not $AcknowledgeCost) { throw 'This lab requires -AcknowledgeCost before execution.' }
if ($false -and -not $AcknowledgeTenantChange) { throw 'This lab requires -AcknowledgeTenantChange before execution.' }

& (Join-Path $PSScriptRoot 'Preflight.ps1') -SubscriptionId $SubscriptionId -RunId $RunId -Location $Location -SecondaryLocation $SecondaryLocation
if (Test-Path -LiteralPath $Manifest) { throw "State already exists at $Manifest. Choose a new run ID." }
New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $StateDir -Force | Out-Null
$account = az account show --output json | ConvertFrom-Json
if (-not $SubscriptionId) { $SubscriptionId = [string]$account.id }
$now = (Get-Date).ToUniversalTime().ToString('o')
$state = @{
    schemaVersion = '1.0.0'
    labId = 'LAB-16'
    runId = $RunId
    createdAt = $now
    updatedAt = $now
    status = 'initialized'
    context = @{ cloud = [string]$account.environmentName; tenantId = [string]$account.tenantId; subscriptionId = [string]$SubscriptionId }
    acknowledgements = @{ cost = [bool]$AcknowledgeCost; tenantChange = [bool]$AcknowledgeTenantChange }
    inputs = @{ 'location' = $Location; 'secondary-location' = $SecondaryLocation }
    checkpointStates = @(
        @{ checkpointId = 'LAB16-CP01'; required = $true; status = 'pending'; updatedAt = $now; message = 'Not started.' }
        @{ checkpointId = 'LAB16-CP02'; required = $true; status = 'pending'; updatedAt = $now; message = 'Not started.' }
        @{ checkpointId = 'LAB16-CP03'; required = $true; status = 'pending'; updatedAt = $now; message = 'Not started.' }
        @{ checkpointId = 'LAB16-CP04'; required = $false; status = 'pending'; updatedAt = $now; message = 'Not started.' }
        @{ checkpointId = 'LAB16-CP05'; required = $true; status = 'pending'; updatedAt = $now; message = 'Not started.' }
    )
    managedObjects = @()
    originalSettings = @()
}
$external = @{}

function Save-RunState {
    $state.updatedAt = (Get-Date).ToUniversalTime().ToString('o')
    $state | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 30 | Set-Content -LiteralPath $Manifest -Encoding utf8
}

function Save-ExternalState {
    foreach ($key in @($external.Keys)) {
        $value = $external[$key]
        if ($null -eq $value -or $value -is [string] -or $value -is [ValueType]) {
            $inputKey = 'external-' + (([string]$key -creplace '([a-z0-9])([A-Z])', '$1-$2') -replace '[^a-zA-Z0-9-]', '-').ToLowerInvariant()
            $state.inputs[$inputKey] = $value
        }
    }
    Save-RunState
}

function Write-CheckpointState {
    param([string]$CheckpointId, [string]$Status, [string]$Message)
    $entry = @($state.checkpointStates | Where-Object { $_.checkpointId -eq $CheckpointId })[0]
    $entry.status = $Status
    $entry.updatedAt = (Get-Date).ToUniversalTime().ToString('o')
    $entry.message = $Message
}

function Add-ManagedObject {
    param([string]$CheckpointId, [string]$Kind, [string]$Id, [string]$Name, [string]$Type, [string]$Scope, [string]$OwnershipMethod)
    if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($Id)) { return }
    $existing = @($state.managedObjects | Where-Object { $_.id -eq $Id })
    if ($existing.Count -gt 0) { return }
    $expectedTags = @{}
    if ($OwnershipMethod -eq 'manifest-id-and-tags') {
        $expectedTags = @{ purpose = 'az104-lab'; labId = '16'; runId = $RunId }
    }
    $state.managedObjects += @{
        checkpointId = $CheckpointId
        kind = $Kind
        id = $Id
        name = $Name
        type = $Type
        scope = $Scope
        ownership = @{ method = $OwnershipMethod; expectedTags = $expectedTags }
        recordedAt = (Get-Date).ToUniversalTime().ToString('o')
        lifecycleStatus = 'active'
    }
    Save-RunState
}

function Sync-ManagedResource {
    param([string]$CheckpointId)
    # The entire recovery inventory is best effort so a state-helper or Azure
    # query failure cannot mask the original mutation error. Every object that
    # can be recovered is still persisted immediately as it is discovered.
    $nativePreference = $PSNativeCommandUseErrorActionPreference
    $PSNativeCommandUseErrorActionPreference = $false
    try {
        Save-ExternalState
        $resourceGroupNames = [System.Collections.Generic.HashSet[string]]::new([System.StringComparer]::OrdinalIgnoreCase)
        if ($ResourceGroupName) { $null = $resourceGroupNames.Add([string]$ResourceGroupName) }
        foreach ($key in @($external.Keys | Where-Object { [string]$_ -match '(?i)ResourceGroupName$' })) {
            if ($external[$key]) { $null = $resourceGroupNames.Add([string]$external[$key]) }
        }
        foreach ($groupName in $resourceGroupNames) {
            $groupJson = az group show --subscription $SubscriptionId --name $groupName --output json 2>$null
            $group = $(if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0 -and $groupJson) { $groupJson | ConvertFrom-Json } else { $null })
            if ($group) {
                $groupCheckpoint = $(if ([string]$group.name -eq [string]$ResourceGroupName) { 'LAB16-CP01' } else { $CheckpointId })
                Add-ManagedObject -CheckpointId $groupCheckpoint -Kind 'azure-resource' -Id ([string]$group.id) -Name ([string]$group.name) -Type 'Microsoft.Resources/resourceGroups' -Scope "/subscriptions/$SubscriptionId" -OwnershipMethod 'manifest-id-and-tags'
                $resourcesJson = az resource list --subscription $SubscriptionId --resource-group $groupName --output json 2>$null
                $resources = @($(if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0 -and $resourcesJson) { $resourcesJson | ConvertFrom-Json } else { @() }))
                foreach ($resource in $resources) {
                    Add-ManagedObject -CheckpointId $CheckpointId -Kind 'azure-resource' -Id ([string]$resource.id) -Name ([string]$resource.name) -Type ([string]$resource.type) -Scope ([string]$group.id) -OwnershipMethod 'manifest-id-and-tags'
                }
            }
        }
        if ($external.ContainsKey('groupId') -and $external.groupId) { Add-ManagedObject -CheckpointId $CheckpointId -Kind 'entra-object' -Id ([string]$external.groupId) -Name 'lab-group' -Type 'Microsoft.Graph/group' -Scope $state.context.tenantId -OwnershipMethod 'manifest-id' }
        if ($external.ContainsKey('guestUserId') -and $external.guestUserId) { Add-ManagedObject -CheckpointId $CheckpointId -Kind 'entra-object' -Id ([string]$external.guestUserId) -Name 'guest-user' -Type 'Microsoft.Graph/user' -Scope $state.context.tenantId -OwnershipMethod 'manifest-id' }
        if ($external.ContainsKey('userIds')) {
            foreach ($userId in @($external.userIds)) { Add-ManagedObject -CheckpointId $CheckpointId -Kind 'entra-object' -Id ([string]$userId) -Name 'lab-user' -Type 'Microsoft.Graph/user' -Scope $state.context.tenantId -OwnershipMethod 'manifest-id' }
        }
        if ($external.ContainsKey('delegationRecordId') -and $external.delegationRecordId) {
            Add-ManagedObject -CheckpointId $CheckpointId -Kind 'azure-resource' -Id ([string]$external.delegationRecordId) -Name ([string]$external.delegationRecordName) -Type 'Microsoft.Network/dnsZones/NS' -Scope ([string]$external.parentZoneId) -OwnershipMethod 'manifest-id'
        }
        if ($external.ContainsKey('connectionMonitorId') -and $external.connectionMonitorId) {
            Add-ManagedObject -CheckpointId $CheckpointId -Kind 'azure-resource' -Id ([string]$external.connectionMonitorId) -Name ([string]$external.connectionMonitorName) -Type 'Microsoft.Network/networkWatchers/connectionMonitors' -Scope ([string]$external.networkWatcherId) -OwnershipMethod 'manifest-id'
        }
    } catch {
        Write-Warning "Recovery inventory for $CheckpointId was incomplete: $($_.Exception.Message)"
    } finally {
        $PSNativeCommandUseErrorActionPreference = $nativePreference
    }
}

# The manifest exists before the first Azure mutation.
Save-RunState
$state.status = 'setup-in-progress'
Save-RunState

$expiresOn = (Get-Date).ToUniversalTime().AddDays(1).ToString('yyyy-MM-dd')
try {
    az group create --subscription $SubscriptionId --name $ResourceGroupName --location $Location --tags purpose=az104-lab labId=16 runId=$RunId expiresOn=$expiresOn --output none
} catch {
    Write-CheckpointState -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP01' -Status 'fail' -Message "Resource-group boundary creation failed: $($_.Exception.GetType().Name)"
    $state.status = 'failed'
    Save-RunState
    throw
} finally {
    Sync-ManagedResource -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP01'
}

# CHECKPOINT LAB16-CP01 BEGIN
try {
    Write-CheckpointState -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP01' -Status 'in-progress' -Message 'Checkpoint execution started.'
    $activeCheckpointId = 'LAB16-CP01'
    Save-RunState

    az provider show --namespace Microsoft.Web --query registrationState --output tsv
    az provider show --namespace Microsoft.Storage --query registrationState --output tsv
    az appservice list-locations --sku S1 --linux-workers-enabled --query "[?name=='$Location'].name" --output tsv

    Sync-ManagedResource -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP01'
    Write-CheckpointState -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP01' -Status 'pass' -Message 'The web-app tier supports backup and VNet integration, and any custom-domain lane is explicitly gated by an owned DNS proof.'
    Save-RunState
} catch {
    Sync-ManagedResource -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP01'
    Write-CheckpointState -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP01' -Status 'fail' -Message "Checkpoint failed: $($_.Exception.GetType().Name)"
    $state.status = 'failed'
    Save-RunState
    throw
}
# CHECKPOINT LAB16-CP01 END

# CHECKPOINT LAB16-CP02 BEGIN
try {
    Write-CheckpointState -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP02' -Status 'in-progress' -Message 'Checkpoint execution started.'
    $activeCheckpointId = 'LAB16-CP02'
    Save-RunState

    $plan = "plan-$suffix"; $app = "app-$suffix"; $storage = "st16$suffix"; $vnet = "vnet-$suffix"
    try {
        az appservice plan create --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $plan --is-linux --sku S1 --output none
    } finally {
        Sync-ManagedResource -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP02'
    }
    try {
        az webapp create --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --plan $plan --name $app --runtime 'PYTHON:3.12' --output none
    } finally {
        Sync-ManagedResource -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP02'
    }
    az webapp update --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $app --https-only true --set siteConfig.minTlsVersion=1.2 --output none
    try {
        az storage account create --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $storage --location $Location --sku Standard_LRS --kind StorageV2 --https-only true --allow-blob-public-access false --output none
    } finally {
        Sync-ManagedResource -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP02'
    }
    try {
        az network vnet create --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $vnet --address-prefixes 10.16.0.0/16 --subnet-name integration --subnet-prefixes 10.16.1.0/24 --output none
    } finally {
        Sync-ManagedResource -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP02'
    }
    az network vnet subnet update --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --vnet-name $vnet --name integration --delegations Microsoft.Web/serverFarms --output none
    az webapp vnet-integration add --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $app --vnet $vnet --subnet integration --output none

    Sync-ManagedResource -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP02'
    Write-CheckpointState -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP02' -Status 'pass' -Message 'The app, delegated subnet, and private backup container are run-owned and recorded before configuration begins.'
    Save-RunState
} catch {
    Sync-ManagedResource -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP02'
    Write-CheckpointState -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP02' -Status 'fail' -Message "Checkpoint failed: $($_.Exception.GetType().Name)"
    $state.status = 'failed'
    Save-RunState
    throw
}
# CHECKPOINT LAB16-CP02 END

# CHECKPOINT LAB16-CP03 BEGIN
try {
    Write-CheckpointState -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP03' -Status 'in-progress' -Message 'Checkpoint execution started.'
    $activeCheckpointId = 'LAB16-CP03'
    Save-RunState

    $previousStorageKey = $env:AZURE_STORAGE_KEY
    try {
        $env:AZURE_STORAGE_KEY = az storage account keys list --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --account-name $storage --query "[0].value" --output tsv
    try {
            az storage container create --account-name $storage --name backups --auth-mode key --output none
    } finally {
        Sync-ManagedResource -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP03'
    }
        $expiry = (Get-Date).ToUniversalTime().AddHours(4).ToString('yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mmZ')
        $sas = az storage container generate-sas --account-name $storage --name backups --permissions rwdl --expiry $expiry --https-only --auth-mode key --output tsv
        if (-not $sas) { throw 'A redacted backup SAS could not be created.' }
        $backupUrl = "https://$storage.blob.core.windows.net/backups?$sas"
    try {
            az webapp config backup create --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --webapp-name $app --container-url $backupUrl --backup-name "baseline-$RunId" --output none
    } finally {
        Sync-ManagedResource -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP03'
    }
    } finally {
        if ($null -eq $previousStorageKey) { Remove-Item Env:AZURE_STORAGE_KEY -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue } else { $env:AZURE_STORAGE_KEY = $previousStorageKey }
        Remove-Variable previousStorageKey, sas, backupUrl -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
    }

    Sync-ManagedResource -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP03'
    Write-CheckpointState -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP03' -Status 'pass' -Message 'httpsOnly is true, the minimum TLS version matches the target, and the app references the delegated integration subnet.'
    Save-RunState
} catch {
    Sync-ManagedResource -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP03'
    Write-CheckpointState -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP03' -Status 'fail' -Message "Checkpoint failed: $($_.Exception.GetType().Name)"
    $state.status = 'failed'
    Save-RunState
    throw
}
# CHECKPOINT LAB16-CP03 END

# CHECKPOINT LAB16-CP04 BEGIN
if (-not ((-not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace([Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('AZ104_CUSTOM_HOSTNAME'))) -and [string]::Equals([Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('AZ104_AUTHORIZE_CUSTOM_DOMAIN'), 'YES', [StringComparison]::Ordinal))) {
    Write-CheckpointState -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP04' -Status 'skipped' -Message 'Optional input or exact authorization gate was not satisfied.'
    Save-RunState
} else {
try {
    Write-CheckpointState -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP04' -Status 'in-progress' -Message 'Checkpoint execution started.'
    $activeCheckpointId = 'LAB16-CP04'
    Save-RunState

    $hostname = $env:AZ104_CUSTOM_HOSTNAME
    $expectedAddress = az webapp config hostname get-external-ip --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --webapp-name $app --query ipAddress --output tsv
    $resolvedAddresses = @([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostAddresses($hostname) | ForEach-Object IPAddressToString)
    if (-not $expectedAddress -or $expectedAddress -notin $resolvedAddresses) {
        throw 'The owned hostname does not resolve to the App Service inbound address; no hostname or certificate mutation was attempted.'
    }
    az webapp config hostname add --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --webapp-name $app --hostname $hostname --output none
    try {
        $thumbprint = az webapp config ssl create --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $app --hostname $hostname --query thumbprint --output tsv
    } finally {
        Sync-ManagedResource -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP04'
    }
    az webapp config ssl bind --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $app --hostname $hostname --certificate-thumbprint $thumbprint --ssl-type SNI --output none

    Sync-ManagedResource -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP04'
    Write-CheckpointState -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP04' -Status 'pass' -Message 'A backup schedule targets a transient SAS URL without persisting the token; custom DNS/TLS changes occur only behind the ownership gate.'
    Save-RunState
} catch {
    Sync-ManagedResource -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP04'
    Write-CheckpointState -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP04' -Status 'fail' -Message "Checkpoint failed: $($_.Exception.GetType().Name)"
    $state.status = 'failed'
    Save-RunState
    throw
}
}
# CHECKPOINT LAB16-CP04 END

# CHECKPOINT LAB16-CP05 BEGIN
try {
    Write-CheckpointState -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP05' -Status 'in-progress' -Message 'Checkpoint execution started.'
    $activeCheckpointId = 'LAB16-CP05'
    Save-RunState

    az webapp show --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $app --query "{https:httpsOnly,hostNames:hostNames,state:state}" --output json

    Sync-ManagedResource -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP05'
    Write-CheckpointState -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP05' -Status 'pass' -Message 'TLS policy, VNet integration, backup schedule, and optional hostname/certificate bindings each match their declared gate state.'
    Save-RunState
} catch {
    Sync-ManagedResource -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP05'
    Write-CheckpointState -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP05' -Status 'fail' -Message "Checkpoint failed: $($_.Exception.GetType().Name)"
    $state.status = 'failed'
    Save-RunState
    throw
}
# CHECKPOINT LAB16-CP05 END

$skippedRequired = @($state.checkpointStates | Where-Object { $_.required -and $_.status -eq 'skipped' })
if ($skippedRequired.Count -gt 0) {
    $state.status = 'failed'
    Save-RunState
    throw "Required checkpoints were skipped: $($skippedRequired.checkpointId -join ', ')"
}
$skippedOptional = @($state.checkpointStates | Where-Object { -not $_.required -and $_.status -eq 'skipped' })
$state.status = $(if ($skippedOptional.Count -gt 0) { 'partial' } else { 'setup-complete' })
Save-RunState
Write-Host "Setup result: $($state.status). State: $Manifest"
Write-Host "Next: ./Validate.ps1 -RunId $RunId -Mode Deployment"
# END GENERATED AZ104 V2

Validate.ps1

# BEGIN GENERATED AZ104 V2
#requires -Version 7.4
[CmdletBinding()]
[Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute('PSAvoidUsingWriteHost', '', Justification = 'Interactive lab progress is intentionally written to the host.')]
[Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute('PSReviewUnusedParameter', '', Justification = 'All lifecycle scripts expose a stable cross-lab interface.')]
[Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute('PSUseDeclaredVarsMoreThanAssignments', '', Justification = 'Generated task variables are intentionally shared across checkpoint blocks.')]
param(
    [string]$SubscriptionId = $env:AZ104_SUBSCRIPTION_ID,
    [Parameter(Mandatory)][ValidatePattern('^[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]{0,30}[a-z0-9])?$')][string]$RunId,
    [ValidateSet('Deployment', 'PostCleanup')][string]$Mode = 'Deployment'
)

Set-StrictMode -Version Latest
$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'
$PSNativeCommandUseErrorActionPreference = $true

if (-not (Get-Command az -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)) {
    throw 'Azure CLI is required. Run the repository readiness initializer, then retry.'
}

$LabRoot = (Resolve-Path (Join-Path $PSScriptRoot '../..')).Path
$StateDir = Join-Path $LabRoot ".state/$RunId"
$Manifest = Join-Path $StateDir 'run.json'
$ValidationPath = Join-Path $StateDir 'validation.json'
if (-not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $Manifest)) { throw "Run manifest not found: $Manifest" }
$state = Get-Content -LiteralPath $Manifest -Raw | ConvertFrom-Json -AsHashtable
if ($state.labId -ne 'LAB-16' -or $state.runId -ne $RunId) { throw 'Manifest ownership does not match this lab and run ID.' }
$PSNativeCommandUseErrorActionPreference = $false
$accountJson = az account show --output json 2>$null
$account = $(if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0 -and $accountJson) { $accountJson | ConvertFrom-Json } else { $null })
if (-not $account -or [string]$account.tenantId -ne [string]$state.context.tenantId -or [string]$account.id -ne [string]$state.context.subscriptionId) {
    $capturedAt = (Get-Date).ToUniversalTime().ToString('o')
    $actualContext = $(if ($account) { "tenant=$($account.tenantId); subscription=$($account.id)" } else { 'active context unavailable' })
    $contextFailure = @{
        schemaVersion = '1.0.0'; labId = 'LAB-16'; runId = $RunId; mode = $Mode
        generatedAt = $capturedAt; result = 'fail'
        summary = @{ required = 1; passed = 0; failed = 1; skipped = 0 }
        checks = @(@{ id = 'context.active'; checkpointId = 'LAB16-CP01'; kind = 'context'; required = $true; status = 'fail'; message = 'Active Azure context does not match the run manifest.'; evidence = @{ command = 'az account show --output json'; expected = 'tenant and subscription exactly match run.json'; actual = $actualContext; capturedAt = $capturedAt; redacted = $true } })
    }
    $contextFailure | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 30 | Set-Content -LiteralPath $ValidationPath -Encoding utf8
    Write-Host "Validation $Mode result: fail"
    Write-Host "Artifact: $ValidationPath"
    exit 1
}
$SubscriptionId = [string]$state.context.subscriptionId
$Location = [string]$state.inputs['location']
$SecondaryLocation = [string]$state.inputs['secondary-location']
$ResourceGroupName = $(if ('16' -in @('00', '01', '02')) { $null } else { "rg-az104-l16-$RunId" })
$suffix = (($RunId -replace '[^a-z0-9]', '') + '000000000000').Substring(0, 12)
$plan = "plan-$suffix"; $app = "app-$suffix"; $storage = "st16$suffix"; $vnet = "vnet-$suffix"

$checks = [System.Collections.Generic.List[object]]::new()
function Add-ValidationCheck {
    param([string]$Id, [string]$CheckpointId, [string]$Kind, [bool]$Required, [bool]$Passed, [string]$Command, [string]$Expected, [string]$Actual, [bool]$Skipped = $false)
    $capturedAt = (Get-Date).ToUniversalTime().ToString('o')
    $checks.Add(@{
        id = $Id
        checkpointId = $CheckpointId
        kind = $Kind
        required = $Required
        status = $(if ($Skipped) { 'skipped' } elseif ($Passed) { 'pass' } else { 'fail' })
        message = $(if ($Skipped) { 'Optional gate was deliberately skipped.' } elseif ($Passed) { 'Expected state observed.' } else { 'Expected state was not observed.' })
        evidence = @{ command = $Command; expected = $Expected; actual = $Actual; capturedAt = $capturedAt; redacted = $true }
    })
}

# CHECKPOINT LAB16-CP01 BEGIN
$checkpointState = @($state.checkpointStates | Where-Object { $_.checkpointId -eq 'LAB16-CP01' })[0]
$checkpointObjects = @($state.managedObjects | Where-Object { $_.checkpointId -eq 'LAB16-CP01' })

if ($Mode -eq 'Deployment') {
    if ($checkpointState.status -eq 'skipped') {
        Add-ValidationCheck -Id 'lab16-cp01.positive' -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP01' -Kind 'positive' -Required ([bool]$checkpointState.required) -Passed $true -Skipped $true -Command 'optional gate evaluation' -Expected 'The optional checkpoint is explicitly skipped when its documented input is absent.' -Actual 'optional gate absent'
        Add-ValidationCheck -Id 'lab16-cp01.negative' -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP01' -Kind 'negative' -Required ([bool]$checkpointState.required) -Passed $true -Skipped $true -Command 'optional gate evaluation' -Expected 'No mutation occurs for a skipped optional checkpoint.' -Actual 'optional gate absent'
    } else {
    $positivePassed = $checkpointState.status -eq 'pass'
    $positiveActual = "checkpoint=$($checkpointState.status); managedObjects=$($checkpointObjects.Count)"
    foreach ($managedObject in $checkpointObjects) {
        if ($managedObject.type -eq 'Microsoft.Management/managementGroups') {
            $null = az account management-group show --name $managedObject.name --output none 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { $positivePassed = $false; $positiveActual += "; missing=$($managedObject.id)" }
        } elseif ($managedObject.kind -eq 'azure-resource') {
            $null = az resource show --ids $managedObject.id --output none 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { $positivePassed = $false; $positiveActual += "; missing=$($managedObject.id)" }
        } elseif ($managedObject.kind -eq 'entra-object') {
            $null = az rest --method get --url "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/directoryObjects/$($managedObject.id)" --output none 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { $positivePassed = $false; $positiveActual += "; missing=$($managedObject.id)" }
        }
    }

    # AUTHORED SERVICE ASSERTION: positive
    try {
        $LASTEXITCODE = 0
        & {
$registration = az provider show --namespace Microsoft.Web --query registrationState --output tsv
if ($registration -ne 'Registered') { throw 'Microsoft.Web is not registered.' }
        } | Out-Null
        if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {
            $positivePassed = $false
            $positiveActual += "; serviceProbeExit=$LASTEXITCODE"
        } else {
            $positiveActual += '; serviceProbe=pass (output not persisted)'
        }
    } catch {
        $positivePassed = $false
        $positiveActual += "; serviceProbeError=$($_.Exception.GetType().Name)"
    }
    Add-ValidationCheck -Id 'lab16-cp01.positive' -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP01' -Kind 'positive' -Required ([bool]$checkpointState.required) -Passed $positivePassed -Command 'query each manifest-recorded object by exact ID and run the authored service probe' -Expected 'Checkpoint state is pass, recorded objects exist, and service state matches.' -Actual $positiveActual

    $unsafe = @($checkpointObjects | Where-Object { $_.ownership.method -eq 'manifest-id-and-tags' -and ($_.ownership.expectedTags.runId -ne $RunId) })

    # AUTHORED SERVICE ASSERTION: negative
    $negativeProbePassed = $true
    $negativeProbeActual = 'serviceProbe=pass (output not persisted)'
    try {
        $LASTEXITCODE = 0
        & {
$supported = az appservice list-locations --sku S1 --linux-workers-enabled --query "[?name=='$Location'] | length(@)" --output tsv
if ([int]$supported -eq 0) { throw 'Linux S1 is unavailable in the selected region.' }
        } | Out-Null
        if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {
            $negativeProbePassed = $false
            $negativeProbeActual = "serviceProbeExit=$LASTEXITCODE"
        }
    } catch {
        $negativeProbePassed = $false
        $negativeProbeActual = "serviceProbeError=$($_.Exception.GetType().Name)"
    }
    $negativePassed = $unsafe.Count -eq 0 -and $negativeProbePassed
    $negativeActual = "unsafeObjects=$($unsafe.Count)" + "; $negativeProbeActual"
    Add-ValidationCheck -Id 'lab16-cp01.negative' -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP01' -Kind 'negative' -Required ([bool]$checkpointState.required) -Passed $negativePassed -Command 'run the authored denied-state probe and compare manifest ownership' -Expected 'The service boundary and ownership checks both pass.' -Actual $negativeActual
    }
} else {
    $active = [System.Collections.Generic.List[string]]::new()
    foreach ($managedObject in $checkpointObjects) {
        if ($managedObject.type -eq 'Microsoft.Management/managementGroups') {
            $null = az account management-group show --name $managedObject.name --output none 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0) { $active.Add([string]$managedObject.id) }
        } elseif ($managedObject.kind -eq 'azure-resource') {
            $null = az resource show --ids $managedObject.id --output none 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0) { $active.Add([string]$managedObject.id) }
        } elseif ($managedObject.kind -eq 'entra-object') {
            $null = az rest --method get --url "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/directoryObjects/$($managedObject.id)" --output none 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0) { $active.Add([string]$managedObject.id) }
        }
    }
    Add-ValidationCheck -Id 'lab16-cp01.residual' -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP01' -Kind 'residual' -Required ([bool]$checkpointState.required) -Passed ($active.Count -eq 0) -Command 'query every recorded object by exact ID after cleanup' -Expected 'No active manifest-managed object remains.' -Actual "active=$($active -join ',')"
}
# CHECKPOINT LAB16-CP01 END

# CHECKPOINT LAB16-CP02 BEGIN
$checkpointState = @($state.checkpointStates | Where-Object { $_.checkpointId -eq 'LAB16-CP02' })[0]
$checkpointObjects = @($state.managedObjects | Where-Object { $_.checkpointId -eq 'LAB16-CP02' })

if ($Mode -eq 'Deployment') {
    if ($checkpointState.status -eq 'skipped') {
        Add-ValidationCheck -Id 'lab16-cp02.positive' -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP02' -Kind 'positive' -Required ([bool]$checkpointState.required) -Passed $true -Skipped $true -Command 'optional gate evaluation' -Expected 'The optional checkpoint is explicitly skipped when its documented input is absent.' -Actual 'optional gate absent'
        Add-ValidationCheck -Id 'lab16-cp02.negative' -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP02' -Kind 'negative' -Required ([bool]$checkpointState.required) -Passed $true -Skipped $true -Command 'optional gate evaluation' -Expected 'No mutation occurs for a skipped optional checkpoint.' -Actual 'optional gate absent'
    } else {
    $positivePassed = $checkpointState.status -eq 'pass'
    $positiveActual = "checkpoint=$($checkpointState.status); managedObjects=$($checkpointObjects.Count)"
    foreach ($managedObject in $checkpointObjects) {
        if ($managedObject.type -eq 'Microsoft.Management/managementGroups') {
            $null = az account management-group show --name $managedObject.name --output none 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { $positivePassed = $false; $positiveActual += "; missing=$($managedObject.id)" }
        } elseif ($managedObject.kind -eq 'azure-resource') {
            $null = az resource show --ids $managedObject.id --output none 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { $positivePassed = $false; $positiveActual += "; missing=$($managedObject.id)" }
        } elseif ($managedObject.kind -eq 'entra-object') {
            $null = az rest --method get --url "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/directoryObjects/$($managedObject.id)" --output none 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { $positivePassed = $false; $positiveActual += "; missing=$($managedObject.id)" }
        }
    }

    # AUTHORED SERVICE ASSERTION: positive
    try {
        $LASTEXITCODE = 0
        & {
$httpsOnly = az webapp show --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $app --query httpsOnly --output tsv
if ($httpsOnly -ne 'true') { throw 'HTTPS-only is disabled.' }
        } | Out-Null
        if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {
            $positivePassed = $false
            $positiveActual += "; serviceProbeExit=$LASTEXITCODE"
        } else {
            $positiveActual += '; serviceProbe=pass (output not persisted)'
        }
    } catch {
        $positivePassed = $false
        $positiveActual += "; serviceProbeError=$($_.Exception.GetType().Name)"
    }
    Add-ValidationCheck -Id 'lab16-cp02.positive' -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP02' -Kind 'positive' -Required ([bool]$checkpointState.required) -Passed $positivePassed -Command 'query each manifest-recorded object by exact ID and run the authored service probe' -Expected 'Checkpoint state is pass, recorded objects exist, and service state matches.' -Actual $positiveActual

    $unsafe = @($checkpointObjects | Where-Object { $_.ownership.method -eq 'manifest-id-and-tags' -and ($_.ownership.expectedTags.runId -ne $RunId) })

    # AUTHORED SERVICE ASSERTION: negative
    $negativeProbePassed = $true
    $negativeProbeActual = 'serviceProbe=pass (output not persisted)'
    try {
        $LASTEXITCODE = 0
        & {
$tls = az webapp config show --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $app --query minTlsVersion --output tsv
if ($tls -ne '1.2') { throw "Minimum TLS is $tls." }
        } | Out-Null
        if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {
            $negativeProbePassed = $false
            $negativeProbeActual = "serviceProbeExit=$LASTEXITCODE"
        }
    } catch {
        $negativeProbePassed = $false
        $negativeProbeActual = "serviceProbeError=$($_.Exception.GetType().Name)"
    }
    $negativePassed = $unsafe.Count -eq 0 -and $negativeProbePassed
    $negativeActual = "unsafeObjects=$($unsafe.Count)" + "; $negativeProbeActual"
    Add-ValidationCheck -Id 'lab16-cp02.negative' -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP02' -Kind 'negative' -Required ([bool]$checkpointState.required) -Passed $negativePassed -Command 'run the authored denied-state probe and compare manifest ownership' -Expected 'The service boundary and ownership checks both pass.' -Actual $negativeActual
    }
} else {
    $active = [System.Collections.Generic.List[string]]::new()
    foreach ($managedObject in $checkpointObjects) {
        if ($managedObject.type -eq 'Microsoft.Management/managementGroups') {
            $null = az account management-group show --name $managedObject.name --output none 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0) { $active.Add([string]$managedObject.id) }
        } elseif ($managedObject.kind -eq 'azure-resource') {
            $null = az resource show --ids $managedObject.id --output none 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0) { $active.Add([string]$managedObject.id) }
        } elseif ($managedObject.kind -eq 'entra-object') {
            $null = az rest --method get --url "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/directoryObjects/$($managedObject.id)" --output none 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0) { $active.Add([string]$managedObject.id) }
        }
    }
    Add-ValidationCheck -Id 'lab16-cp02.residual' -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP02' -Kind 'residual' -Required ([bool]$checkpointState.required) -Passed ($active.Count -eq 0) -Command 'query every recorded object by exact ID after cleanup' -Expected 'No active manifest-managed object remains.' -Actual "active=$($active -join ',')"
}
# CHECKPOINT LAB16-CP02 END

# CHECKPOINT LAB16-CP03 BEGIN
$checkpointState = @($state.checkpointStates | Where-Object { $_.checkpointId -eq 'LAB16-CP03' })[0]
$checkpointObjects = @($state.managedObjects | Where-Object { $_.checkpointId -eq 'LAB16-CP03' })

if ($Mode -eq 'Deployment') {
    if ($checkpointState.status -eq 'skipped') {
        Add-ValidationCheck -Id 'lab16-cp03.positive' -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP03' -Kind 'positive' -Required ([bool]$checkpointState.required) -Passed $true -Skipped $true -Command 'optional gate evaluation' -Expected 'The optional checkpoint is explicitly skipped when its documented input is absent.' -Actual 'optional gate absent'
        Add-ValidationCheck -Id 'lab16-cp03.negative' -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP03' -Kind 'negative' -Required ([bool]$checkpointState.required) -Passed $true -Skipped $true -Command 'optional gate evaluation' -Expected 'No mutation occurs for a skipped optional checkpoint.' -Actual 'optional gate absent'
    } else {
    $positivePassed = $checkpointState.status -eq 'pass'
    $positiveActual = "checkpoint=$($checkpointState.status); managedObjects=$($checkpointObjects.Count)"
    foreach ($managedObject in $checkpointObjects) {
        if ($managedObject.type -eq 'Microsoft.Management/managementGroups') {
            $null = az account management-group show --name $managedObject.name --output none 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { $positivePassed = $false; $positiveActual += "; missing=$($managedObject.id)" }
        } elseif ($managedObject.kind -eq 'azure-resource') {
            $null = az resource show --ids $managedObject.id --output none 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { $positivePassed = $false; $positiveActual += "; missing=$($managedObject.id)" }
        } elseif ($managedObject.kind -eq 'entra-object') {
            $null = az rest --method get --url "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/directoryObjects/$($managedObject.id)" --output none 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { $positivePassed = $false; $positiveActual += "; missing=$($managedObject.id)" }
        }
    }

    # AUTHORED SERVICE ASSERTION: positive
    try {
        $LASTEXITCODE = 0
        & {
$backupCount = az webapp config backup list --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --webapp-name $app --query "[?contains(name, 'baseline-$RunId')] | length(@)" --output tsv
if ([int]$backupCount -lt 1) { throw 'The baseline backup is not listed.' }
        } | Out-Null
        if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {
            $positivePassed = $false
            $positiveActual += "; serviceProbeExit=$LASTEXITCODE"
        } else {
            $positiveActual += '; serviceProbe=pass (output not persisted)'
        }
    } catch {
        $positivePassed = $false
        $positiveActual += "; serviceProbeError=$($_.Exception.GetType().Name)"
    }
    Add-ValidationCheck -Id 'lab16-cp03.positive' -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP03' -Kind 'positive' -Required ([bool]$checkpointState.required) -Passed $positivePassed -Command 'query each manifest-recorded object by exact ID and run the authored service probe' -Expected 'Checkpoint state is pass, recorded objects exist, and service state matches.' -Actual $positiveActual

    $unsafe = @($checkpointObjects | Where-Object { $_.ownership.method -eq 'manifest-id-and-tags' -and ($_.ownership.expectedTags.runId -ne $RunId) })

    # AUTHORED SERVICE ASSERTION: negative
    $negativeProbePassed = $true
    $negativeProbeActual = 'serviceProbe=pass (output not persisted)'
    try {
        $LASTEXITCODE = 0
        & {
$integrationCount = az webapp vnet-integration list --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $app --query "[?contains(subnetResourceId, '/subnets/integration')] | length(@)" --output tsv
if ([int]$integrationCount -ne 1) { throw 'VNet integration is missing or duplicated.' }
        } | Out-Null
        if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {
            $negativeProbePassed = $false
            $negativeProbeActual = "serviceProbeExit=$LASTEXITCODE"
        }
    } catch {
        $negativeProbePassed = $false
        $negativeProbeActual = "serviceProbeError=$($_.Exception.GetType().Name)"
    }
    $negativePassed = $unsafe.Count -eq 0 -and $negativeProbePassed
    $negativeActual = "unsafeObjects=$($unsafe.Count)" + "; $negativeProbeActual"
    Add-ValidationCheck -Id 'lab16-cp03.negative' -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP03' -Kind 'negative' -Required ([bool]$checkpointState.required) -Passed $negativePassed -Command 'run the authored denied-state probe and compare manifest ownership' -Expected 'The service boundary and ownership checks both pass.' -Actual $negativeActual
    }
} else {
    $active = [System.Collections.Generic.List[string]]::new()
    foreach ($managedObject in $checkpointObjects) {
        if ($managedObject.type -eq 'Microsoft.Management/managementGroups') {
            $null = az account management-group show --name $managedObject.name --output none 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0) { $active.Add([string]$managedObject.id) }
        } elseif ($managedObject.kind -eq 'azure-resource') {
            $null = az resource show --ids $managedObject.id --output none 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0) { $active.Add([string]$managedObject.id) }
        } elseif ($managedObject.kind -eq 'entra-object') {
            $null = az rest --method get --url "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/directoryObjects/$($managedObject.id)" --output none 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0) { $active.Add([string]$managedObject.id) }
        }
    }
    Add-ValidationCheck -Id 'lab16-cp03.residual' -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP03' -Kind 'residual' -Required ([bool]$checkpointState.required) -Passed ($active.Count -eq 0) -Command 'query every recorded object by exact ID after cleanup' -Expected 'No active manifest-managed object remains.' -Actual "active=$($active -join ',')"
}
# CHECKPOINT LAB16-CP03 END

# CHECKPOINT LAB16-CP04 BEGIN
$checkpointState = @($state.checkpointStates | Where-Object { $_.checkpointId -eq 'LAB16-CP04' })[0]
$checkpointObjects = @($state.managedObjects | Where-Object { $_.checkpointId -eq 'LAB16-CP04' })

if ($Mode -eq 'Deployment') {
    if ($checkpointState.status -eq 'skipped') {
        Add-ValidationCheck -Id 'lab16-cp04.positive' -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP04' -Kind 'positive' -Required ([bool]$checkpointState.required) -Passed $true -Skipped $true -Command 'optional gate evaluation' -Expected 'The optional checkpoint is explicitly skipped when its documented input is absent.' -Actual 'optional gate absent'
        Add-ValidationCheck -Id 'lab16-cp04.negative' -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP04' -Kind 'negative' -Required ([bool]$checkpointState.required) -Passed $true -Skipped $true -Command 'optional gate evaluation' -Expected 'No mutation occurs for a skipped optional checkpoint.' -Actual 'optional gate absent'
    } else {
    $positivePassed = $checkpointState.status -eq 'pass'
    $positiveActual = "checkpoint=$($checkpointState.status); managedObjects=$($checkpointObjects.Count)"
    foreach ($managedObject in $checkpointObjects) {
        if ($managedObject.type -eq 'Microsoft.Management/managementGroups') {
            $null = az account management-group show --name $managedObject.name --output none 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { $positivePassed = $false; $positiveActual += "; missing=$($managedObject.id)" }
        } elseif ($managedObject.kind -eq 'azure-resource') {
            $null = az resource show --ids $managedObject.id --output none 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { $positivePassed = $false; $positiveActual += "; missing=$($managedObject.id)" }
        } elseif ($managedObject.kind -eq 'entra-object') {
            $null = az rest --method get --url "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/directoryObjects/$($managedObject.id)" --output none 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { $positivePassed = $false; $positiveActual += "; missing=$($managedObject.id)" }
        }
    }

    # AUTHORED SERVICE ASSERTION: positive
    try {
        $LASTEXITCODE = 0
        & {
$hostname = $env:AZ104_CUSTOM_HOSTNAME
$bound = az webapp show --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $app --query "hostNames[?@=='$hostname'] | length(@)" --output tsv
if ([int]$bound -ne 1) { throw 'The custom hostname is not bound.' }
        } | Out-Null
        if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {
            $positivePassed = $false
            $positiveActual += "; serviceProbeExit=$LASTEXITCODE"
        } else {
            $positiveActual += '; serviceProbe=pass (output not persisted)'
        }
    } catch {
        $positivePassed = $false
        $positiveActual += "; serviceProbeError=$($_.Exception.GetType().Name)"
    }
    Add-ValidationCheck -Id 'lab16-cp04.positive' -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP04' -Kind 'positive' -Required ([bool]$checkpointState.required) -Passed $positivePassed -Command 'query each manifest-recorded object by exact ID and run the authored service probe' -Expected 'Checkpoint state is pass, recorded objects exist, and service state matches.' -Actual $positiveActual

    $unsafe = @($checkpointObjects | Where-Object { $_.ownership.method -eq 'manifest-id-and-tags' -and ($_.ownership.expectedTags.runId -ne $RunId) })

    # AUTHORED SERVICE ASSERTION: negative
    $negativeProbePassed = $true
    $negativeProbeActual = 'serviceProbe=pass (output not persisted)'
    try {
        $LASTEXITCODE = 0
        & {
$hostname = $env:AZ104_CUSTOM_HOSTNAME
$sslState = az webapp config hostname list --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --webapp-name $app --query "[?name=='$hostname'].sslState | [0]" --output tsv
if ($sslState -notin @('SniEnabled','IpBasedEnabled')) { throw "TLS binding state is $sslState." }
        } | Out-Null
        if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {
            $negativeProbePassed = $false
            $negativeProbeActual = "serviceProbeExit=$LASTEXITCODE"
        }
    } catch {
        $negativeProbePassed = $false
        $negativeProbeActual = "serviceProbeError=$($_.Exception.GetType().Name)"
    }
    $negativePassed = $unsafe.Count -eq 0 -and $negativeProbePassed
    $negativeActual = "unsafeObjects=$($unsafe.Count)" + "; $negativeProbeActual"
    Add-ValidationCheck -Id 'lab16-cp04.negative' -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP04' -Kind 'negative' -Required ([bool]$checkpointState.required) -Passed $negativePassed -Command 'run the authored denied-state probe and compare manifest ownership' -Expected 'The service boundary and ownership checks both pass.' -Actual $negativeActual
    }
} else {
    $active = [System.Collections.Generic.List[string]]::new()
    foreach ($managedObject in $checkpointObjects) {
        if ($managedObject.type -eq 'Microsoft.Management/managementGroups') {
            $null = az account management-group show --name $managedObject.name --output none 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0) { $active.Add([string]$managedObject.id) }
        } elseif ($managedObject.kind -eq 'azure-resource') {
            $null = az resource show --ids $managedObject.id --output none 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0) { $active.Add([string]$managedObject.id) }
        } elseif ($managedObject.kind -eq 'entra-object') {
            $null = az rest --method get --url "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/directoryObjects/$($managedObject.id)" --output none 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0) { $active.Add([string]$managedObject.id) }
        }
    }
    Add-ValidationCheck -Id 'lab16-cp04.residual' -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP04' -Kind 'residual' -Required ([bool]$checkpointState.required) -Passed ($active.Count -eq 0) -Command 'query every recorded object by exact ID after cleanup' -Expected 'No active manifest-managed object remains.' -Actual "active=$($active -join ',')"
}
# CHECKPOINT LAB16-CP04 END

# CHECKPOINT LAB16-CP05 BEGIN
$checkpointState = @($state.checkpointStates | Where-Object { $_.checkpointId -eq 'LAB16-CP05' })[0]
$checkpointObjects = @($state.managedObjects | Where-Object { $_.checkpointId -eq 'LAB16-CP05' })

if ($Mode -eq 'Deployment') {
    if ($checkpointState.status -eq 'skipped') {
        Add-ValidationCheck -Id 'lab16-cp05.positive' -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP05' -Kind 'positive' -Required ([bool]$checkpointState.required) -Passed $true -Skipped $true -Command 'optional gate evaluation' -Expected 'The optional checkpoint is explicitly skipped when its documented input is absent.' -Actual 'optional gate absent'
        Add-ValidationCheck -Id 'lab16-cp05.negative' -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP05' -Kind 'negative' -Required ([bool]$checkpointState.required) -Passed $true -Skipped $true -Command 'optional gate evaluation' -Expected 'No mutation occurs for a skipped optional checkpoint.' -Actual 'optional gate absent'
    } else {
    $positivePassed = $checkpointState.status -eq 'pass'
    $positiveActual = "checkpoint=$($checkpointState.status); managedObjects=$($checkpointObjects.Count)"
    foreach ($managedObject in $checkpointObjects) {
        if ($managedObject.type -eq 'Microsoft.Management/managementGroups') {
            $null = az account management-group show --name $managedObject.name --output none 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { $positivePassed = $false; $positiveActual += "; missing=$($managedObject.id)" }
        } elseif ($managedObject.kind -eq 'azure-resource') {
            $null = az resource show --ids $managedObject.id --output none 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { $positivePassed = $false; $positiveActual += "; missing=$($managedObject.id)" }
        } elseif ($managedObject.kind -eq 'entra-object') {
            $null = az rest --method get --url "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/directoryObjects/$($managedObject.id)" --output none 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { $positivePassed = $false; $positiveActual += "; missing=$($managedObject.id)" }
        }
    }

    # AUTHORED SERVICE ASSERTION: positive
    try {
        $LASTEXITCODE = 0
        & {
$stateValue = az webapp show --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $app --query state --output tsv
if ($stateValue -ne 'Running') { throw "Web app state is $stateValue." }
        } | Out-Null
        if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {
            $positivePassed = $false
            $positiveActual += "; serviceProbeExit=$LASTEXITCODE"
        } else {
            $positiveActual += '; serviceProbe=pass (output not persisted)'
        }
    } catch {
        $positivePassed = $false
        $positiveActual += "; serviceProbeError=$($_.Exception.GetType().Name)"
    }
    Add-ValidationCheck -Id 'lab16-cp05.positive' -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP05' -Kind 'positive' -Required ([bool]$checkpointState.required) -Passed $positivePassed -Command 'query each manifest-recorded object by exact ID and run the authored service probe' -Expected 'Checkpoint state is pass, recorded objects exist, and service state matches.' -Actual $positiveActual

    $unsafe = @($checkpointObjects | Where-Object { $_.ownership.method -eq 'manifest-id-and-tags' -and ($_.ownership.expectedTags.runId -ne $RunId) })

    # AUTHORED SERVICE ASSERTION: negative
    $negativeProbePassed = $true
    $negativeProbeActual = 'serviceProbe=pass (output not persisted)'
    try {
        $LASTEXITCODE = 0
        & {
$publicBlob = az storage account show --resource-group $ResourceGroupName --name $storage --query allowBlobPublicAccess --output tsv
if ($publicBlob -ne 'false') { throw 'Backup storage permits blob public access.' }
        } | Out-Null
        if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {
            $negativeProbePassed = $false
            $negativeProbeActual = "serviceProbeExit=$LASTEXITCODE"
        }
    } catch {
        $negativeProbePassed = $false
        $negativeProbeActual = "serviceProbeError=$($_.Exception.GetType().Name)"
    }
    $negativePassed = $unsafe.Count -eq 0 -and $negativeProbePassed
    $negativeActual = "unsafeObjects=$($unsafe.Count)" + "; $negativeProbeActual"
    Add-ValidationCheck -Id 'lab16-cp05.negative' -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP05' -Kind 'negative' -Required ([bool]$checkpointState.required) -Passed $negativePassed -Command 'run the authored denied-state probe and compare manifest ownership' -Expected 'The service boundary and ownership checks both pass.' -Actual $negativeActual
    }
} else {
    $active = [System.Collections.Generic.List[string]]::new()
    foreach ($managedObject in $checkpointObjects) {
        if ($managedObject.type -eq 'Microsoft.Management/managementGroups') {
            $null = az account management-group show --name $managedObject.name --output none 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0) { $active.Add([string]$managedObject.id) }
        } elseif ($managedObject.kind -eq 'azure-resource') {
            $null = az resource show --ids $managedObject.id --output none 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0) { $active.Add([string]$managedObject.id) }
        } elseif ($managedObject.kind -eq 'entra-object') {
            $null = az rest --method get --url "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/directoryObjects/$($managedObject.id)" --output none 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0) { $active.Add([string]$managedObject.id) }
        }
    }
    Add-ValidationCheck -Id 'lab16-cp05.residual' -CheckpointId 'LAB16-CP05' -Kind 'residual' -Required ([bool]$checkpointState.required) -Passed ($active.Count -eq 0) -Command 'query every recorded object by exact ID after cleanup' -Expected 'No active manifest-managed object remains.' -Actual "active=$($active -join ',')"
}
# CHECKPOINT LAB16-CP05 END

$requiredChecks = @($checks | Where-Object { $_.required })
$failedChecks = @($checks | Where-Object { $_.status -eq 'fail' })
$requiredSkippedChecks = @($checks | Where-Object { $_.required -and $_.status -eq 'skipped' })
$skippedChecks = @($checks | Where-Object { $_.status -eq 'skipped' })
$result = if ($failedChecks.Count -gt 0 -or $requiredSkippedChecks.Count -gt 0) { 'fail' } elseif ($skippedChecks.Count -gt 0) { 'partial' } else { 'pass' }
$document = @{
    schemaVersion = '1.0.0'
    labId = 'LAB-16'
    runId = $RunId
    mode = $Mode
    generatedAt = (Get-Date).ToUniversalTime().ToString('o')
    result = $result
    summary = @{
        required = $requiredChecks.Count
        passed = @($checks | Where-Object { $_.status -eq 'pass' }).Count
        failed = $failedChecks.Count
        skipped = $skippedChecks.Count
    }
    checks = @($checks)
}
$document | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 30 | Set-Content -LiteralPath $ValidationPath -Encoding utf8
Write-Host "Validation $Mode result: $result"
Write-Host "Artifact: $ValidationPath"
if ($result -eq 'fail') { exit 1 }
# END GENERATED AZ104 V2

Cleanup.ps1

# BEGIN GENERATED AZ104 V2
#requires -Version 7.4
[CmdletBinding()]
[Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute('PSAvoidUsingWriteHost', '', Justification = 'Interactive lab progress is intentionally written to the host.')]
[Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute('PSReviewUnusedParameter', '', Justification = 'All lifecycle scripts expose a stable cross-lab interface.')]
[Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute('PSUseDeclaredVarsMoreThanAssignments', '', Justification = 'Generated task variables are intentionally shared across checkpoint blocks.')]
param(
    [string]$SubscriptionId = $env:AZ104_SUBSCRIPTION_ID,
    [Parameter(Mandatory)][ValidatePattern('^[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]{0,30}[a-z0-9])?$')][string]$RunId,
    [switch]$Execute
)

Set-StrictMode -Version Latest
$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'
$PSNativeCommandUseErrorActionPreference = $true

if (-not (Get-Command az -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)) {
    throw 'Azure CLI is required. Run the repository readiness initializer, then retry.'
}

$LabRoot = (Resolve-Path (Join-Path $PSScriptRoot '../..')).Path
$StateDir = Join-Path $LabRoot ".state/$RunId"
$Manifest = Join-Path $StateDir 'run.json'
$CleanupPath = Join-Path $StateDir 'cleanup.json'
if (-not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $Manifest)) { throw "Run manifest not found: $Manifest" }
$state = Get-Content -LiteralPath $Manifest -Raw | ConvertFrom-Json -AsHashtable
$active = @($state.managedObjects | Where-Object { $_.lifecycleStatus -eq 'active' })
function Write-CleanupRefusal {
    param([string]$Message)
    $refusalActions = @($active | ForEach-Object {
        @{ checkpointId = [string]$_.checkpointId; targetId = [string]$_.id; targetType = [string]$_.type; ownership = @{ method = [string]$_.ownership.method; verified = $false }; status = 'failed'; message = $Message }
    })
    $refusal = @{
        schemaVersion = '1.0.0'; labId = 'LAB-16'; runId = $RunId
        generatedAt = (Get-Date).ToUniversalTime().ToString('o')
        executionMode = $(if ($Execute) { 'execute' } else { 'preview' })
        result = $(if ($Execute) { 'fail' } else { 'preview' })
        ownershipVerified = $false; actions = $refusalActions
        residualChecks = @(@{ id = 'ownership.refusal'; command = 'compare manifest, active context, exact IDs, and ownership proof'; expected = 'all ownership checks pass before mutation'; actual = $Message; status = $(if ($Execute) { 'fail' } else { 'skipped' }) })
        activeManagedObjects = @($active | ForEach-Object id); retainedItems = @()
    }
    $refusal | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 30 | Set-Content -LiteralPath $CleanupPath -Encoding utf8
    throw $Message
}
if ($state.labId -ne 'LAB-16' -or $state.runId -ne $RunId) {
    Write-CleanupRefusal -Message 'Cleanup ownership refusal: manifest lab ID or run ID does not match.'
}
if ($Execute -and $active.Count -eq 0 -and $state.status -eq 'cleaned') {
    $priorRetained = @()
    if (Test-Path -LiteralPath $CleanupPath) {
        try { $priorRetained = @((Get-Content -LiteralPath $CleanupPath -Raw | ConvertFrom-Json).retainedItems) } catch { $priorRetained = @() }
    }
    $idempotent = @{
        schemaVersion = '1.0.0'; labId = 'LAB-16'; runId = $RunId
        generatedAt = (Get-Date).ToUniversalTime().ToString('o'); executionMode = 'execute'; result = 'pass'
        ownershipVerified = $true; actions = @(); activeManagedObjects = @(); retainedItems = $priorRetained
        residualChecks = @(@{ id = 'cleanup.idempotent'; command = 'read run.json active managed-object inventory'; expected = 'zero active manifest-managed objects'; actual = 'active=0; prior cleanup already completed'; status = 'pass' })
    }
    $idempotent | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 30 | Set-Content -LiteralPath $CleanupPath -Encoding utf8
    Write-Host 'Cleanup result: pass (already cleaned)'
    Write-Host "Artifact: $CleanupPath"
    return
}
try {
    $account = az account show --output json | ConvertFrom-Json
} catch {
    Write-CleanupRefusal -Message 'Cleanup ownership refusal: active Azure context could not be read.'
}
if ([string]$account.tenantId -ne [string]$state.context.tenantId -or [string]$account.id -ne [string]$state.context.subscriptionId) {
    Write-CleanupRefusal -Message 'Cleanup ownership refusal: active context does not match the manifest.'
}
$SubscriptionId = [string]$state.context.subscriptionId
$Location = [string]$state.inputs['location']
$SecondaryLocation = [string]$state.inputs['secondary-location']
$ResourceGroupName = $(if ('16' -in @('00', '01', '02')) { $null } else { "rg-az104-l16-$RunId" })
$suffix = (($RunId -replace '[^a-z0-9]', '') + '000000000000').Substring(0, 12)


$ownershipVerified = $true
$verifiedOwnershipById = @{}
$absentIds = [System.Collections.Generic.HashSet[string]]::new([System.StringComparer]::OrdinalIgnoreCase)
$verifiedResourceGroupIds = [System.Collections.Generic.List[string]]::new()
$resourceGroupObjects = @($active | Where-Object { $_.type -eq 'Microsoft.Resources/resourceGroups' })
$resourceGroupObject = $resourceGroupObjects | Select-Object -First 1
$nativeProbePreference = $PSNativeCommandUseErrorActionPreference
$PSNativeCommandUseErrorActionPreference = $false

# A manifest entry is necessary but is not, by itself, proof of ownership. Verify
# each manifest-id-and-tags boundary against the live Azure tags before mutation.
foreach ($groupObject in $resourceGroupObjects) {
    $groupVerified = $false
    try {
        $tagJson = az group show --ids $groupObject.id --query tags --output json 2>$null
        if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0 -and $tagJson) {
            $tags = $tagJson | ConvertFrom-Json -AsHashtable
            $expectedTags = $groupObject.ownership.expectedTags
            $groupVerified =
                $groupObject.ownership.method -eq 'manifest-id-and-tags' -and
                [string]$tags['purpose'] -eq [string]$expectedTags['purpose'] -and
                [string]$tags['labId'] -eq [string]$expectedTags['labId'] -and
                [string]$tags['runId'] -eq [string]$expectedTags['runId'] -and
                [string]$tags['purpose'] -eq 'az104-lab' -and
                [string]$tags['labId'] -eq '16' -and
                [string]$tags['runId'] -eq $RunId
        } else {
            $groupExists = az group exists --subscription $state.context.subscriptionId --name $groupObject.name --output tsv 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0 -and $groupExists -eq 'false') {
                $null = $absentIds.Add([string]$groupObject.id)
                $groupVerified = $true
            }
        }
    } catch {
        $groupVerified = $false
    }
    $verifiedOwnershipById[[string]$groupObject.id] = $groupVerified
    if ($groupVerified) { $verifiedResourceGroupIds.Add([string]$groupObject.id) }
    if (-not $groupVerified) { $ownershipVerified = $false }
}

foreach ($object in $active) {
    $objectId = [string]$object.id
    if ($verifiedOwnershipById.ContainsKey($objectId)) { continue }
    $method = [string]$object.ownership.method
    $objectVerified = $false

    $absentGroupBoundary = @($resourceGroupObjects | Where-Object {
        $absentIds.Contains([string]$_.id) -and $objectId.StartsWith("$($_.id)/", [System.StringComparison]::OrdinalIgnoreCase)
    }).Count -gt 0
    if ($absentGroupBoundary) {
        $null = $absentIds.Add($objectId)
        $verifiedOwnershipById[$objectId] = $true
        continue
    }

    if ($method -eq 'manifest-id-and-tags' -and $object.kind -eq 'azure-resource') {
        $expectedTags = $object.ownership.expectedTags
        $manifestTagsMatch =
            [string]$expectedTags['purpose'] -eq 'az104-lab' -and
            [string]$expectedTags['labId'] -eq '16' -and
            [string]$expectedTags['runId'] -eq $RunId
        $verifiedByGroupBoundary = @($verifiedResourceGroupIds | Where-Object {
            $objectId.StartsWith("$_/", [System.StringComparison]::OrdinalIgnoreCase)
        }).Count -gt 0
        $verifiedByOwnTags = $false
        try {
            $tagJson = az resource show --ids $objectId --query tags --output json 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0 -and $tagJson) {
                $tags = $tagJson | ConvertFrom-Json -AsHashtable
                $verifiedByOwnTags =
                    [string]$tags['purpose'] -eq [string]$expectedTags['purpose'] -and
                    [string]$tags['labId'] -eq [string]$expectedTags['labId'] -and
                    [string]$tags['runId'] -eq [string]$expectedTags['runId']
            } elseif ($verifiedByGroupBoundary) {
                $parentGroupObject = $resourceGroupObjects | Where-Object { $objectId.StartsWith("$($_.id)/", [System.StringComparison]::OrdinalIgnoreCase) } | Select-Object -First 1
                $exactCount = az resource list --resource-group $parentGroupObject.name --query "[?id=='$objectId'] | length(@)" --output tsv 2>$null
                if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0 -and [int]$exactCount -eq 0) {
                    $null = $absentIds.Add($objectId)
                    $verifiedByOwnTags = $true
                }
            }
        } catch {
            $verifiedByOwnTags = $false
        }
        $objectVerified = $manifestTagsMatch -and ($verifiedByOwnTags -or $verifiedByGroupBoundary)
    } elseif ($method -eq 'manifest-id' -and $object.kind -eq 'azure-resource' -and $object.type -eq 'Microsoft.Management/managementGroups') {
        try {
            $managementGroupJson = az account management-group show --name $object.name --expand --recurse --output json 2>&1
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0) {
                $managementGroup = $managementGroupJson | ConvertFrom-Json
                $objectVerified = [string]$managementGroup.id -eq $objectId -and @($managementGroup.children).Count -eq 0
            } elseif ([string]$managementGroupJson -match '(?i)404|not.?found') {
                $null = $absentIds.Add($objectId)
                $objectVerified = $true
            }
        } catch {
            $objectVerified = $false
        }
    } elseif ($method -eq 'manifest-id' -and $object.kind -eq 'entra-object') {
        try {
            $graphResult = az rest --method get --url "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/directoryObjects/$objectId" --output none 2>&1
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0) {
                $objectVerified = $true
            } elseif ([string]$graphResult -match '(?i)404|Request_ResourceNotFound') {
                $null = $absentIds.Add($objectId)
                $objectVerified = $true
            }
        } catch {
            $objectVerified = $false
        }
    } elseif ($method -eq 'manifest-id' -and $object.kind -eq 'azure-resource') {
        try {
            $resourceResult = az resource show --ids $objectId --output none 2>&1
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0) {
                $objectVerified = $true
            } elseif ([string]$resourceResult -match '(?i)404|ResourceNotFound|could not be found') {
                $null = $absentIds.Add($objectId)
                $objectVerified = $true
            }
        } catch {
            $objectVerified = $false
        }
    } elseif ($method -eq 'local-path') {
        try {
            $candidate = if ([System.IO.Path]::IsPathRooted($objectId)) { $objectId } else { Join-Path $LabRoot $objectId }
            $fullPath = [System.IO.Path]::GetFullPath($candidate)
            $statePrefix = [System.IO.Path]::GetFullPath($StateDir).TrimEnd([System.IO.Path]::DirectorySeparatorChar) + [System.IO.Path]::DirectorySeparatorChar
            $inStateBoundary = $fullPath.StartsWith($statePrefix, [System.StringComparison]::OrdinalIgnoreCase)
            $objectVerified = $inStateBoundary
            if ($inStateBoundary -and -not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $fullPath)) { $null = $absentIds.Add($objectId) }
        } catch {
            $objectVerified = $false
        }
    }

    $verifiedOwnershipById[$objectId] = $objectVerified
    if (-not $objectVerified) { $ownershipVerified = $false }
}
$PSNativeCommandUseErrorActionPreference = $nativeProbePreference

if (-not $ownershipVerified) {
    $failedOwnershipIds = @($active | Where-Object { -not $verifiedOwnershipById[[string]$_.id] } | ForEach-Object id)
    Write-CleanupRefusal -Message "Cleanup ownership refusal: live ID and ownership proof failed for $($failedOwnershipIds -join ', ')."
}

$actions = [System.Collections.Generic.List[object]]::new()
$residualChecks = [System.Collections.Generic.List[object]]::new()
if (-not $Execute) {
    Write-Host 'Preview only. The exact manifest-owned targets below will not be changed.'
}

# CHECKPOINT LAB16-CP05 BEGIN
$targets = @($state.managedObjects | Where-Object { $_.checkpointId -eq 'LAB16-CP05' -and $_.lifecycleStatus -eq 'active' })
foreach ($target in $targets) {
    $alreadyAbsent = $absentIds.Contains([string]$target.id)
    $actions.Add(@{ checkpointId = 'LAB16-CP05'; targetId = [string]$target.id; targetType = [string]$target.type; ownership = @{ method = [string]$target.ownership.method; verified = [bool]$verifiedOwnershipById[[string]$target.id] }; status = $(if ($alreadyAbsent) { 'skipped' } else { 'preview' }); message = $(if ($alreadyAbsent) { 'The exact manifest ID was already absent; idempotent cleanup recorded the safe end state.' } elseif ($Execute) { 'Pending removal through the dependency-safe ownership boundary.' } else { 'Would remove this exact manifest-recorded target.' }) })
}
$state.updatedAt = (Get-Date).ToUniversalTime().ToString('o')
$state | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 30 | Set-Content -LiteralPath $Manifest -Encoding utf8
# CHECKPOINT LAB16-CP05 END

# CHECKPOINT LAB16-CP04 BEGIN
$targets = @($state.managedObjects | Where-Object { $_.checkpointId -eq 'LAB16-CP04' -and $_.lifecycleStatus -eq 'active' })
foreach ($target in $targets) {
    $alreadyAbsent = $absentIds.Contains([string]$target.id)
    $actions.Add(@{ checkpointId = 'LAB16-CP04'; targetId = [string]$target.id; targetType = [string]$target.type; ownership = @{ method = [string]$target.ownership.method; verified = [bool]$verifiedOwnershipById[[string]$target.id] }; status = $(if ($alreadyAbsent) { 'skipped' } else { 'preview' }); message = $(if ($alreadyAbsent) { 'The exact manifest ID was already absent; idempotent cleanup recorded the safe end state.' } elseif ($Execute) { 'Pending removal through the dependency-safe ownership boundary.' } else { 'Would remove this exact manifest-recorded target.' }) })
}
$state.updatedAt = (Get-Date).ToUniversalTime().ToString('o')
$state | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 30 | Set-Content -LiteralPath $Manifest -Encoding utf8
# CHECKPOINT LAB16-CP04 END

# CHECKPOINT LAB16-CP03 BEGIN
$targets = @($state.managedObjects | Where-Object { $_.checkpointId -eq 'LAB16-CP03' -and $_.lifecycleStatus -eq 'active' })
foreach ($target in $targets) {
    $alreadyAbsent = $absentIds.Contains([string]$target.id)
    $actions.Add(@{ checkpointId = 'LAB16-CP03'; targetId = [string]$target.id; targetType = [string]$target.type; ownership = @{ method = [string]$target.ownership.method; verified = [bool]$verifiedOwnershipById[[string]$target.id] }; status = $(if ($alreadyAbsent) { 'skipped' } else { 'preview' }); message = $(if ($alreadyAbsent) { 'The exact manifest ID was already absent; idempotent cleanup recorded the safe end state.' } elseif ($Execute) { 'Pending removal through the dependency-safe ownership boundary.' } else { 'Would remove this exact manifest-recorded target.' }) })
}
$state.updatedAt = (Get-Date).ToUniversalTime().ToString('o')
$state | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 30 | Set-Content -LiteralPath $Manifest -Encoding utf8
# CHECKPOINT LAB16-CP03 END

# CHECKPOINT LAB16-CP02 BEGIN
$targets = @($state.managedObjects | Where-Object { $_.checkpointId -eq 'LAB16-CP02' -and $_.lifecycleStatus -eq 'active' })
foreach ($target in $targets) {
    $alreadyAbsent = $absentIds.Contains([string]$target.id)
    $actions.Add(@{ checkpointId = 'LAB16-CP02'; targetId = [string]$target.id; targetType = [string]$target.type; ownership = @{ method = [string]$target.ownership.method; verified = [bool]$verifiedOwnershipById[[string]$target.id] }; status = $(if ($alreadyAbsent) { 'skipped' } else { 'preview' }); message = $(if ($alreadyAbsent) { 'The exact manifest ID was already absent; idempotent cleanup recorded the safe end state.' } elseif ($Execute) { 'Pending removal through the dependency-safe ownership boundary.' } else { 'Would remove this exact manifest-recorded target.' }) })
}
$state.updatedAt = (Get-Date).ToUniversalTime().ToString('o')
$state | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 30 | Set-Content -LiteralPath $Manifest -Encoding utf8
# CHECKPOINT LAB16-CP02 END

# CHECKPOINT LAB16-CP01 BEGIN
$targets = @($state.managedObjects | Where-Object { $_.checkpointId -eq 'LAB16-CP01' -and $_.lifecycleStatus -eq 'active' })
foreach ($target in $targets) {
    $alreadyAbsent = $absentIds.Contains([string]$target.id)
    $actions.Add(@{ checkpointId = 'LAB16-CP01'; targetId = [string]$target.id; targetType = [string]$target.type; ownership = @{ method = [string]$target.ownership.method; verified = [bool]$verifiedOwnershipById[[string]$target.id] }; status = $(if ($alreadyAbsent) { 'skipped' } else { 'preview' }); message = $(if ($alreadyAbsent) { 'The exact manifest ID was already absent; idempotent cleanup recorded the safe end state.' } elseif ($Execute) { 'Pending removal through the dependency-safe ownership boundary.' } else { 'Would remove this exact manifest-recorded target.' }) })
}
$state.updatedAt = (Get-Date).ToUniversalTime().ToString('o')
$state | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 30 | Set-Content -LiteralPath $Manifest -Encoding utf8
# CHECKPOINT LAB16-CP01 END

$cleanupFailure = $null
if ($Execute) {
    $PSNativeCommandUseErrorActionPreference = $true
    $state.status = 'cleanup-in-progress'
    $state.updatedAt = (Get-Date).ToUniversalTime().ToString('o')
    $state | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 30 | Set-Content -LiteralPath $Manifest -Encoding utf8

    try {
        # Restore shared or tenant-wide settings before removing the disposable
        # objects that were used to exercise them.
        foreach ($setting in @($state.originalSettings)) {
            if ($setting.targetId -eq 'authorizationPolicy' -and $setting.property -eq 'allowedToUseSSPR') {
                $restoreBody = @{ allowedToUseSSPR = [bool]$setting.value } | ConvertTo-Json -Compress
                az rest --method patch --url 'https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/policies/authorizationPolicy' --headers 'Content-Type=application/json' --body $restoreBody --output none
                $restored = az rest --method get --url 'https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/policies/authorizationPolicy?$select=allowedToUseSSPR' --query allowedToUseSSPR --output tsv
                if ([bool]::Parse([string]$restored) -ne [bool]$setting.value) {
                    throw 'Cleanup stopped because authorizationPolicy.allowedToUseSSPR was not restored.'
                }
            }
        }
        foreach ($object in @($active | Where-Object { $_.type -eq 'Microsoft.Management/managementGroups' -and -not $absentIds.Contains([string]$_.id) })) {
            az account management-group delete --name $object.name --output none
        }
        $hasLiveManagedTarget = @($active | Where-Object { -not $absentIds.Contains([string]$_.id) }).Count -gt 0
        if ($hasLiveManagedTarget) {

        }
        foreach ($groupToDelete in @($resourceGroupObjects | Where-Object { -not $absentIds.Contains([string]$_.id) })) {
            az group delete --ids $groupToDelete.id --yes
        }
        foreach ($object in @($active | Where-Object { $_.kind -eq 'entra-object' -and -not $absentIds.Contains([string]$_.id) })) {
            $collection = switch ([string]$object.type) {
                'Microsoft.Graph/user' { 'users' }
                'Microsoft.Graph/group' { 'groups' }
                default { 'directoryObjects' }
            }
            az rest --method delete --url "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/$collection/$($object.id)" --output none 2>$null
        }
        foreach ($object in $state.managedObjects) {
            $object.lifecycleStatus = 'deleted'
        }
        foreach ($action in $actions) {
            if ($action.status -eq 'skipped') { continue }
            $action.status = 'deleted'
            $action.message = 'The exact manifest-recorded target was removed through its ownership boundary.'
        }
    } catch {
        $cleanupFailure = "Cleanup mutation failed: $($_.Exception.GetType().Name)"
        foreach ($action in $actions) {
            if ($action.status -eq 'preview') {
                $action.status = 'failed'
                $action.message = $cleanupFailure
            }
        }
    }
}

$PSNativeCommandUseErrorActionPreference = $false
$remaining = [System.Collections.Generic.List[string]]::new()
foreach ($object in $state.managedObjects) {
    if (-not $Execute -and $object.lifecycleStatus -eq 'active') { $remaining.Add([string]$object.id); continue }
    if ($Execute -and $object.type -eq 'Microsoft.Management/managementGroups') {
        $null = az account management-group show --name $object.name --output none 2>$null
        if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0) { $remaining.Add([string]$object.id) }
    } elseif ($Execute -and $object.type -eq 'Microsoft.Resources/resourceGroups') {
        $groupExists = az group exists --subscription $SubscriptionId --name $object.name --output tsv 2>$null
        if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0 -or $groupExists -ne 'false') { $remaining.Add([string]$object.id) }
    } elseif ($Execute -and $object.kind -eq 'azure-resource') {
        $null = az resource show --ids $object.id --output none 2>$null
        if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0) {
            $remaining.Add([string]$object.id)
        } elseif ($object.type -eq 'Microsoft.RecoveryServices/vaults' -and $false) {
            $deletedVault = az backup deleted-vault get --location $Location --name $object.name --output json 2>$null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0 -and $deletedVault) {
                $object.lifecycleStatus = 'soft-deleted'
                foreach ($action in @($actions | Where-Object { [string]$_.targetId -eq [string]$object.id -and $_.status -ne 'skipped' })) {
                    $action.status = 'soft-deleted'
                    $action.message = 'The active ARM vault is absent and the exact recoverable deleted-vault record was confirmed; no purge was performed.'
                }
            } else {
                $remaining.Add([string]$object.id)
            }
        }
    } elseif ($Execute -and $object.kind -eq 'entra-object') {
        $null = az rest --method get --url "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/directoryObjects/$($object.id)" --output none 2>$null
        if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0) { $remaining.Add([string]$object.id) }
    }
}
$residualChecks.Clear()
$checkpointRemaining = @($remaining | Where-Object { $_ -in @($state.managedObjects | Where-Object { $_.checkpointId -eq 'LAB16-CP01' } | ForEach-Object id) }); $residualChecks.Add(@{ id = 'cp01.residual'; command = 'query manifest-recorded IDs for LAB16-CP01'; expected = 'zero active objects for LAB16-CP01'; actual = "active=$($checkpointRemaining.Count)"; status = $(if ($Execute -and $checkpointRemaining.Count -eq 0) { 'pass' } elseif (-not $Execute) { 'skipped' } else { 'fail' }) })
$checkpointRemaining = @($remaining | Where-Object { $_ -in @($state.managedObjects | Where-Object { $_.checkpointId -eq 'LAB16-CP02' } | ForEach-Object id) }); $residualChecks.Add(@{ id = 'cp02.residual'; command = 'query manifest-recorded IDs for LAB16-CP02'; expected = 'zero active objects for LAB16-CP02'; actual = "active=$($checkpointRemaining.Count)"; status = $(if ($Execute -and $checkpointRemaining.Count -eq 0) { 'pass' } elseif (-not $Execute) { 'skipped' } else { 'fail' }) })
$checkpointRemaining = @($remaining | Where-Object { $_ -in @($state.managedObjects | Where-Object { $_.checkpointId -eq 'LAB16-CP03' } | ForEach-Object id) }); $residualChecks.Add(@{ id = 'cp03.residual'; command = 'query manifest-recorded IDs for LAB16-CP03'; expected = 'zero active objects for LAB16-CP03'; actual = "active=$($checkpointRemaining.Count)"; status = $(if ($Execute -and $checkpointRemaining.Count -eq 0) { 'pass' } elseif (-not $Execute) { 'skipped' } else { 'fail' }) })
$checkpointRemaining = @($remaining | Where-Object { $_ -in @($state.managedObjects | Where-Object { $_.checkpointId -eq 'LAB16-CP04' } | ForEach-Object id) }); $residualChecks.Add(@{ id = 'cp04.residual'; command = 'query manifest-recorded IDs for LAB16-CP04'; expected = 'zero active objects for LAB16-CP04'; actual = "active=$($checkpointRemaining.Count)"; status = $(if ($Execute -and $checkpointRemaining.Count -eq 0) { 'pass' } elseif (-not $Execute) { 'skipped' } else { 'fail' }) })
$checkpointRemaining = @($remaining | Where-Object { $_ -in @($state.managedObjects | Where-Object { $_.checkpointId -eq 'LAB16-CP05' } | ForEach-Object id) }); $residualChecks.Add(@{ id = 'cp05.residual'; command = 'query manifest-recorded IDs for LAB16-CP05'; expected = 'zero active objects for LAB16-CP05'; actual = "active=$($checkpointRemaining.Count)"; status = $(if ($Execute -and $checkpointRemaining.Count -eq 0) { 'pass' } elseif (-not $Execute) { 'skipped' } else { 'fail' }) })
if ($Execute -and $remaining.Count -gt 0) {
    foreach ($object in $state.managedObjects) {
        if ([string]$object.id -in @($remaining)) { $object.lifecycleStatus = 'active' }
    }
    foreach ($action in $actions) {
        if ([string]$action.targetId -in @($remaining) -and $action.status -ne 'skipped') {
            $action.status = 'failed'
            $action.message = 'Residual query found the target still active after cleanup.'
        }
    }
}
$result = if (-not $Execute) { 'preview' } elseif ($cleanupFailure -or $remaining.Count -gt 0) { 'fail' } else { 'pass' }
$cleanup = @{
    schemaVersion = '1.0.0'
    labId = 'LAB-16'
    runId = $RunId
    generatedAt = (Get-Date).ToUniversalTime().ToString('o')
    executionMode = $(if ($Execute) { 'execute' } else { 'preview' })
    result = $result
    ownershipVerified = $ownershipVerified
    actions = @($actions)
    residualChecks = @($residualChecks)
    activeManagedObjects = @($remaining)
    retainedItems = @(

    )
}
$cleanup | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 30 | Set-Content -LiteralPath $CleanupPath -Encoding utf8
if ($Execute) {
    if ($result -eq 'pass') { $state.status = 'cleaned' }
    $state.updatedAt = (Get-Date).ToUniversalTime().ToString('o')
    $state | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 30 | Set-Content -LiteralPath $Manifest -Encoding utf8
}
Write-Host "Cleanup result: $result"
Write-Host "Artifact: $CleanupPath"
Write-Host 'Irreversible purge is never automated; retained or soft-deleted items must be documented explicitly.'
if ($result -eq 'fail') { exit 1 }
# END GENERATED AZ104 V2

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